Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor

Hostile to malignant growth Drug Targeting AFR Receptor Results 1a 1b Figure 1 Cell practicality information dependent on the utilization of the XTT test Two diverse lung tumor cell lines were tried: one communicating the transformed AFR receptor (blue line) and one that communicates wild-type AFR (orange line). Figure 1a spoke to AFR lung malignant growth cell line with Drug X and figure1b spoke to AFR lung disease cell line with medicate Y. Cells were seeded in wells of a 96 well plate at 3 x 10*4 cells/a long time before treatment with the medications at the demonstrated focuses for 72 hours (triplicate tests at every fixation). XTT test reagent was then added to the wells and the absorbance estimated at 450 nm. Control wells (no cells) contained medium yet no cells. The Cell Proliferation XTT examine is a colorimetric measure for the nonradioactive investigation of cell multiplication, feasibility, evaluation of cytotoxic and cytostatic mixes like anticancer medications and pharmaceutical mixes, assessment of development inhibitory antibodies and physiological go betweens that ready to repress cell development (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016). Test is follower or suspension which refined in 96-well microplates. An anecdotal receptor (AFR) was focused by hostile to disease medication to repress the changed AFR work, causing an enemy of proliferative impact and even cell demise. XTT ((2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)- 2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)) test was utilized to quantify cell practicality in the two distinctive lung tumor cell lines, one communicating the transformed AFR receptor (AFR mut) and one that communicates wild-type (AFR wt). Medication Y was seen to thwart malignant growth cell development portion conditionally (Figure 1). The mea sure of watched absorbance increments with cell number and brooding time for 72hours when a most extreme absorbance level is reached. The plot of the XTT examine information ought to make a bend with a straight part. This region shows the most elevated affectability to changes delivered by the test boundaries. Building up the XTT test information for treatment of AFR changed and AFR wild-type lung malignancy cell line with medicate X from 0nm to 1600nm (Figure 1a), It was shown that the cell practicality of transformed AFR expanded impressively from 1.1 to 1.3 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm and afterward turned out to be consistent at roughly 1.4 from 800nm to 1600nm. Contrasted and the wild sort of AFR (Figure1a), the pattern of the line was like the changed one however the cell feasibility was first rised from 0.9 to 1.2 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm lastly displayed lost linearity when more noteworthy than 800nm. The lung malignant growth cell line with tranquilize X spoke to a cell multiplication examine in light of the fact that the absorbance estimations of the changed one were more prominent than control conditions, speaking to an expansion in cell expansion and suitability. Then again, examining the XTT measure information for treatment of AFR transformed and AFR wild-type lung malignancy cell line with sedate Y from 0nm to 1600nm, It was shown that the cell suitability of changed AFR began at about 1.1 from 0nm to 50nm and afterward happened a sensational drop from 1.1 to 0.1 between 50nm to 400nm lastly lied on 0.03 at 1600nm (Figure1b). Contrasted and the wild kind of AFR (Figure1b), the line was additionally diminishing however indicated a totally extraordinary pattern. The cell reasonability diminished from 0.89 to 0.88 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm steadily and afterward showed a huge drop when more prominent than 800nm lastly lied on 0.8 of 1600nm. The lung disease cell line with medicate Y spoke to a cell apoptosis measure as the absorbance esteems were lower than control conditions, indicating a decline in cell expansion and came about because of cell putrefaction or apoptosis. From the information investigation, sedate Y was effectively tried to restrain the capacity of transformed AFR which have an enemy of proliferativ e impact to cause cell passing and medication Y could be advanced for additional testing. Figure 2 Flow cytometry apoptosis information: Annexin V - FITC (x pivot) and propidium iodide (Y hub) Â â The proapoptotic impact of medication X and Y. The AFRmut cell line was treated with each medication at a grouping of 800 nM for 24 hours. The cells were collected, resuspended in cradle and afterward rewarded with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Cytograms of annexin-V-FITC official against PI take-up show three populaces: (I) suitable cells (low FITC and low PI signal) in entryway Lower Left; (ii) early apoptotic cells (high FITC and low PI signal) in door Lower Right and (iii) cells that lost film uprightness which brings about late apoptosis (high FITC and high PI signal) in entryway Upper Right. The level of cell passing increments in the tumor malignancy cell line of medication Y, as exhibited by fuse of Annexin V. The hindrance of cell multiplication brought about by AFRmut was identified with the apoptosis acceptance. Apoptosis is modified as cell passing which is significant being developed, in ordinary capacity of specific tissues and in the reaction to the harm. Apoptosis includes occasions which brings about the obliteration of cell. Annexin V - FITC is a protein that ties to phosphotidylserine which can be named and used to identify apoptotic cells. The stream cytometry apoptosis information was plotted on a speck plot and the lower left was spoken to the practical cells while the upper right and the lower right were spoken to the dead cells and the apoptotic cells separately. From the apoptosis information (Figure2), it was seen that the untreated condition indicated 77% practical cells and 21% of apoptotic impact. When AFRmut was treated with sedate X, the reasonable cells were expanded by 19% and the apoptotic impact was to a great extent diminished to 3%. Conversely, the fuse with tranquilize Y lead to impressive enemy of proliferative impact where 58% of apoptotic cells were watched and practical cells just stayed as 40%. Identified with the acceptance of customized cell passing, most of cells from the two tumor cell lines were alive upon bearer treatment, the utilization of AFRmut lead to the passageway of these cells into apoptosis with fuse of Annexin V. The treatment of medication Y demonstrated a huge apoptotic impact than the medication X, which can possibly repress the capacity of transformed AFR and results in hostile to proliferative impact. Figure 3 Flow cytometry cell cycle information: x-pivot shows propidium iodide fluorescence and y-hub shows the quantity of cells The AFRmut cell line was treated with medicate X and Y at a convergence of 800 nM for 24 hours and afterward fixed with ethanol and recolored with propidium iodide before examination in a stream cytometer. Rewarding with sedate Y demonstrated no cells in G2/M stage. The hindrance of cell expansion actuated by AFRmut was associated with cell cycle which was assessed with propidium iodide by stream cytometry. Cell cycle showed the cell movement through a division cycle which bring about cell development and partition into two girl cells. Live cell perception of cell DNA and appropriation of cell cycle are significant to manage apoptosis, and furthermore the tumor conduct and silencer quality frameworks. Cells would be appropriated into three periods of cell cycle: G0/G1 stage (2N), S stage (DNA union with different DNA), and G2/M stage (4N) to distinguish apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content desirablyã‚â (Krishnakumar R, Kraus W ,2010). Propidium iodide fluorescence was required stuck these activities to sticky situation DNA. From the stream cytometry results by histogram (figure 3), the untreated condition indicated 42% of cells in G0/G1 stage while 31% in S stage and 27% in G2/M stage. At the point when the AFRmut was treated with medicate X, the cell number in G1 stage dropped by 7% while there was increment of 6% in S Phase. DNA replication happens all the more viably during S stage. Tumor cells with a higher extent of cells in S stage as tumors were growed quicker and progressively forceful in that stage so tranquilize X incited multiplication of transformed AFR. In any case, the expansion of medication Y caused successful enemy of multiplication impact by expanding the cell numbers in G1 stage from 42% to 86% since the cell has left the cycle and has quit partitioning. There was increment in the cell numbers and develop in size. The lessening from 31% to 14% for S stage demonstrated the inadequate DNA replication. Also, there was no cells seen in G2/M stage when rewarded with sedate Y which spoke to the expanding quantities of apoptotic cells and the G2/M stage capture, which bombed the mitosis movement. Conversation Medication Y can be a compelling anticancer medication which targets transformed AFR and hinder its capacity to lead an enemy of proliferative impact. In the current investigation, two lung tumor cell lines, changed AFR receptor (AFRmut) and wild-type AFR (AFRwt), Drug Y was discovered that it could restrain the development of the AFR in vitro. The IC50 estimations of AFRmut and AFRwt were with a similar scope of 450nm. Furthermore, the cell cycle uncovered that Drug Y captured changed AFR at S stage and G2/M stage. Moreover, the information exhibited that Drug Y instigated apoptosis in the instrument surveyed by 3 distinct strategies: cell feasibility examine, apoptosis measure and the cell pattern of stream cytometry. Taken together, these outcomes propose that the inhibitory impact of Drug Y on cell expansion in changed AFR is interceded through acceptance of cell cycle capture and apoptotic cell demise. The constraint is the stream cytometry are just approve the overall bounties of cell cycle stages contrasted with another (Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002). These activities can be analyzed by assessing an arrange test of cells with mitotic inhibitor like nocodazole or G1/S inhibitor like aphidicolin. As these medications build up a common capture in M-stage or early S-stage as needs be, tolerably multiplying cells will assemble at the medication construed capture area. For example, cells captured in G1 BY pRB articulation will remain in G1 stage paying little mind to nocodazole treatment in any event, managing cells will collect in M-phase[13] By and large, the information showed sedate Y can build up an enemy of disease tranquilize that objectives a receptor called AFR (A Fiction

Leonardo Da Vinci greatest painter Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci most prominent painter Essay Leonardo Dad Vinci (1452-1519) was perhaps the best craftsman of the Italian Renaissance, and the best examination researcher of his age. Leonardo Dad Vinci was a painter, stone worker, planner, performer, and pundit. He is a main light of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo Dad Vinci influenced society in a magnificent manner. Leonardo Dad Vinci made headways in innovation and clinical. He likewise changed the manner in which individuals took a gander at the body. Leonardo Dad Vinci was conceived on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. He was conceived with only one parent present, to Seer Piper father Vinci, an unmistakable public accountant and a nearby worker lady, We will compose a custom paper on Leonardo Da Vinci most noteworthy painter explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Cooking. He was raised by his dad and stepmothers. Leonardo Dad Vinci was understudy to Veronica. Veronica was an Italian stone carver and painter just as a goldsmith. He was a brilliant coach for Leonardo Dad Vinci. Leonardo recorded his cherished memory in his note pads. He wanted to record his recollections in a note pad. Leonardo spent a lot of his youth outside watching nature and conceivably portraying it also. Leonardo was an ill-conceived kid and that affected his self-awareness. Leonardo father was viewed as white collar class and as Leonardo being unwanted kid he could always be unable to go to a college or even turns into a legal official like his dad. Leonardo mother before long left him to be with her genuine youngsters. Despite the fact that he lived with his dad, his dad went through a large portion of his days with his uncle Francesco, watching out for animals and investigating farmland. He watched the nature and scene that he grew up later to portray. Leonardo first fine art as a Leonardo early work started when he painted with his coach Veronica. In the backtalk a portion of his significant was the Virgin of the Rocks. Two of the three artistic creations were never completed in this timeframe. Leonardo went to Milan and finished some work. He finished the Madonna of the Rocks, in his initial years. The Last Supper, was one of the most well known compositions on the planet. Leonardo Dad Vinci made The Last Supper painting during the time he should make a silver lyre, and carry it to the Duke of Milan as a motion of harmony. It shows Leonardo astounding information on life structures and point of view. Leonardo Dad Vines work contained ethereal quality. He accomplished this by mixing light and shadow. Shading wasnt that essential to him as volume might have been. He finished this assignment through light and shade. The Last Supper speaks to the last feast Jesus imparted to his followers. The Mona Lisa was totally Leonardo Dad Vines most renowned compositions. Mona Lisa is one of the most expounded on and sung about artworks on the planet. Mona Lisa didnt have eyebrows or eyelashes. It is a painting that is broadly discussed today. It is one of the most well known artistic creations on the planet. Individuals take a gander at the Mona Lisa with astonishment in their eyes. The artistic creation is the spouse of a vendor named Giaconda. Individuals like the straightforwardness and pride of Leonardo Dad Vines painting. The grin in the work of art sakes you wonder what he had at the forefront of his thoughts and why the grin is so secretive. The Mona Lisa has made due for in excess of 500 years. Leonardo Dad Vinci has around fifteen works of art that endure. He was an astounding painting in the Renaissance Period. Leonardo Dad Vinci comprehended standards about machines and procedures that were not put to use until after Leonardo Dad Vinci kicked the bucket. An organization called The International Business Machine partnership assembled numerous models from Leonardo Dad Vines drawings. .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .postImageUrl , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:hover , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:visited , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:active { border:0!important; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:active , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u34a ea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Art History: The Movement II: People EssayHe utilized standards of geometry associated with his portrayals for a long time to help take a shot at plans for Saint Pewters Church and different structures in Rome. Leonardo Dad Vinci examined scenes, rock developments, and the development of water. He painted photos of these things. Here and there Leonardo Dad Vinci would compose his notes in reverse and read then with a mirror. Father Vinci prepared in life systems. He continued contemplating life structures and focused his designing on inquire about on power through pressure and air transportation. Leonardo Dad Vince ou tlined on eighteen sheets and had in excess of 200 and forty drawings and notes racing to in excess of thirteen thousand words. He utilized a mirror to peruse his words. He drew a great deal of photos of the human body. He likewise considered the life structures of creatures. Leonardo Dad Vinci accomplished such a great deal in his life that he changed the manner in which individuals took a gander at life its self. Father Vinci was a remarkable man. He thought of answers for things that individuals have attempted to fugue out to today. Numerous individuals see Leonardo as the most unique and competent man of the Renaissance. He managed numerous issues. Numerous individuals are keen on Leonardo Dad Vines note pad. He composed his notes in reverse with his left hand. Upwards of 7,000 pages from his scratch pad exist today. He attracted thoughts and developments his scratch pad and he composed every one of his notes in the regressive structure. Unfortunately he could really compose his notes and be capable the upward structure. He was a stunning individual to have the option to comprehend and process data such that numerous individuals would be confounded. He remarked on standards of life structures and the way of thinking of living. Specialists consider and decipher his works. Analysts dissect his artistic creations utilizing logical procedures. Leonardo is viewed as an all inclusive virtuoso. Five centuries have passed individuals despite everything view him with wonder today. He helped researchers and individuals with clinical and logical innovation that happens in the twentieth first century. His life and how he saw everything was momentous, if Dad Vinci was alive today there would likely be a lot more revelations in medication and life structures.

How the Brain Compensates for Alcohol Abuse Damage

How the Brain Compensates for Alcohol Abuse Damage Addiction Alcohol Use Print How the Brain Compensates for Alcohol Abuse Damage By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 20, 2019 Science Photo Library - PASIEKA/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Although much of the damage that chronic alcohol abuse does to the brain begins to reverse after the alcoholic stops drinking, some cognitive deficits continue even after long-term abstinence. One study has found that even some motor-skill deficits caused by long-term alcohol abuse also remain long after the alcoholic is abstinent. But, the unexpected news is there is evidence that the brain tries to compensate for that damage by using other regions of the brain to perform those tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), scientists were able to observe regions of the brain during a simple motor task and found that the brain appears to recruit other, unexpected regions to compensate for damage caused by alcohol abuse. Brain Regions Damage in Alcoholics We know from neuropathological studies that the two parts of the brain that are most often damaged in chronic alcoholics are the cerebellum and the frontal lobes, said Peter R. Martin, professor of psychiatry and pharmacology, director of the Vanderbilt Addiction Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and corresponding author for the study. Rapid self-paced motor activity such as finger tapping is a function of the motor cortex, the posterior part of the frontal lobe, which initiates a stimulus to the muscles of the hand, that is then coordinated by the interplay between the cerebellum and the frontal lobes. In other words, I reasoned that there would probably be abnormalities in activation of these regions in ?alcoholics during finger tapping. Examining Brain Activity Martin and colleagues observed two groups undergoing fMRI while performing repetitive, self-paced index finger-tapping exercises, alternating between their dominant and nondominant hands. The groups were eight (7 male, 1 female) alcohol-dependent patients after approximately two weeks of abstinence; and nine (7 females, 2 males) healthy volunteers or controls. Using More of the Brain As expected, the abstinent alcohol-dependent patients performed the finger-tapping tasks significantly slower than the controls. Contrary to expectations, the slower tapping was not accompanied by proportionately decreased fMRI brain activation in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum; rather, the alcoholics had a significant increase of activation in the cortical brain region ipsilateral to (on the same side as) the active hand during the dominate hand tapping. In other words, the researchers found, the alcoholics had to use more of their brains to do less. First, we found that alcoholics, generally speaking, tapped more inefficiently, said Martin. Second, in order to generate a single tap, an alcoholic would activate a larger part of their brain than a normal person. So, the results seem to indicate that even though alcoholics, as they recover from drinking, can probably demonstrate relatively normal tapping, they have to use more of their brain to generate the taps. This study underlines the importance of considering the operation of brain circuitry involved even in an ostensibly simple task, said Edith Sullivan, associate professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine. Further, evidence for recruitment of brain regions that are not normally involved in a given task puts a person at risk for performance inefficiency for that particular task, other tasks that need to be done simultaneously, and more complex divided-attention tasks, such as driving. Higher Brain Activity Increased activity in the ipsilateral cortical region of the brain was highly unexpected, said Martin. Normally, when I tap with my right hand, he said, its mostly my left motor cortex (part of the frontal lobes) thats firing, in conjunction with my right cerebellum. Ipsi means the same side, contra means the opposite side. So, were talking about my contralateral cortex and my ipsilateral cerebellum. The significantly higher activity we found in the alcoholics was in the ipsilateral cortex, the side that we dont normally expect to be activated. This finding is compatible with the idea that different regions of the brain are being called into an activity that would not normally be activated in order to meet the behavioral demands. Furthermore, this suggests that even though alcoholics at some level may seem to be performing normally if you raised the level of complexity at which they are being asked to perform, they may exhaust their capacitiesâ€"there may be no more brain to bring in, to recruit, to compensate. The Brain Gets Better at Compensating These findings lead to new questions, said Martin. If we study patients as they progress with their abstinence, do these abnormalities get better? It may be that the brain gets better at compensating, but it doesnt normalize, it just learns how to bring in, even more, parts of the brain. You could say it learns to rewire itself. Another possibility could be that as the brain heals, less activation is required, and thats a real form of recovery. The answers rest with understanding not the tapping itself, but the mechanisms behind the tapping.

The Religious Wars Of Religion - 1465 Words

Professori Mark Bocija Hist 1111 Rezvan Ngalla December 14, 2015 The Religious Wars Before and after the 16th century, religion was not a word or a characteristic that was used to describe any one individual. Rather, religion was like a way of life-incorporated into the individuals and also into family values, beliefs and morals. The church played an important role in the community by offering educational opportunities especially through the monarchies, the stability of religious presence etc. The wars of religion were basically a chain of events and happenings that caused religious wars to be waged in Europe. These wars started with the Protestant reformation- Martin Luther s attempt to change the ways of the Catholic church.†¦show more content†¦Let s take a look at where the wars of religion actually got it s activation energy from-The Reformation. In the beginning of the 16th century, the Catholic Church was in a period where immorality, incompetency and corruption were the order of the day. Martin Luther, a renaissance scholar and Augustinian monk pio neered a revolt on the issue of the sale of indulgencies. Luther did not agree with the fact that salvation could be won by the sale of indulgencies alone. The introduction of Luther s belief was a large introduction to the Catholic church and caused a religious upheaval. The church enforced the idea that indulgence was the gateway to salvation. On the other hand, Luther offered a perspective that was more personal and it appealed to a mass amount of people who were frustrated with the catholic doctrine and these people actually followed his philosophy, creating the path to individual thought with regards to religion. Luther s theses gave Christians the courage to confront the corruption of the church. The dispute of religious values led to violent conflicts between the Catholics and protestant believers. As afore mentioned in Luther s writings and 95 points against the catholic church, he objected to the abuses he perceived within the church. It is also important to note that Luthe r s theses was not welcomed by the

Walgreens Fiancial Analysis - 2167 Words

Walgreens Corporations Financial Analysis Introduction Walgreens operates 7,907 locations in 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and Puerto Rico with over 247,000 employees serving customers. The company has seen an increase in revenues, but an end to its contract to participate in the Express Scripts pharmacy provider network on December 31, 2011 poses a threat to revenues and profits for 2012 and future fiscal periods. This analysis will discuss Walgreen’s business strategy, provide a current financial analysis of the company, risks associated with the company, address prospective analysis of Walgreens and provide a decision on future investments in the company stock. Business Strategy Analysis A differentiation strategy†¦show more content†¦The negative outlook also acknowledges the sizable level of debt maturities that Alliance Boots which is the largest drugstore in United Kingdom faces and that its interest expense may rise as a result of any potential refinancing of these maturities. This negative outlook shows the risk that both combined Walgreen and Alliance Boots entities may not be able keep the companies leverage as much as the companies currently anticipated (Taylor, M. 2012). Walgreens 8-K currently filed by Gregory Wasson who is the President and CEO of Walgreens filed a Statement of Change in Benefits Ownership pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public and the Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 financial statements that would indicate that the financial statements may be of dubious value (Wasson, G. 2012). Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Under the Investor Relation of company’s 8-K filing, the Company agreed to furnish supple-mentally to the SEC a copy of any omitted schedule upon request (Wasson, G. 2012). The above responses were reported by Walgreens to the Securities Exchange Commission on August 18 2012: Explanation of Responses: †¢ This transaction was effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the reporting person inShow MoreRelated Marketing Plan for a Cosmetics Company Essay6046 Words   |  25 Pages As the chart shows, the company follows a centralized structure Where all departments must respond directly to the CEO. Underneath the CEO there are 4 departments : production, RD, ? BUSNESS AND IND. NIKOLAS BUSINESS STRATEGY SWOT Analysis A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. In the following points I will try to figure out the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Strengths: After studding Cosmo in

Privacy of Electronic Medical Records Free Essays

A service related health care organization with staff to patient ration of 1:100 can be described as acutely understaffed. This is a scenario where nurses and doctors are allocated more patients than they can handle efficiently. It puts patients at a danger of getting worse medically or even dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy of Electronic Medical Records or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a situation where drug errors, diagnosis and other medical errors are likely to occur. Due to nurse attrition they may record wrong findings and measurements because of pressure to accomplish certain goals within limited time. In most cases understaffed organizations suffer lack of technological input where it is manifested by use of outdated methods of. In a case where a hospital is understaffed, communication among doctors and other staff in such a hospital is poor thus leading to problems that have a ripple effect nature in the running of the institution. Administrative functions are hampered because most of the duties have to be executed manually. The quality of health care is very poor because every patient is not given the proper personal attention that they require because other patients will be waiting for the physician that is attending to him or her. Lack of accuracy in writing medical records is commonplace for such an institution because writing the information manually can make someone feel worn out at some point and result in erratic writing. Another cause for errors is the fact that some of the prescriptions or diagnoses are done in illegible handwriting giving a hard time to those who are supposed to act on them. Patients’ mortality and morbidity rate is therefore high as a result. Due to the large number of patients that have to be attended to by one nurse, a problem of retrieval of medical information of the patients becomes a hectic task because files have to be searched manually. This puts patients who need urgent treatment at a risk because time may be lost in trying to allocate their personal information which normally has their medical history and forms the basis on which the physicians act. In addition to this the files may be dilapidated because of wear and tear making the information blurred and illegible, and some of the materials could also get misplaced and scattered all over. All these problems summed up, lead to poor co-ordination in the hospital as well as inefficiencies in the administration. Information technology is indispensable in any health organization because according to Jack Duncan it facilitates health care that is of high quality and is cost effective. Through Electronic Medical Records, Once a patient visits the hospital they give their personal information and on diagnosis of their ailment, findings are recorded against the information as well as other details like prescriptions and orders to other health institutions. This technology ensures accuracy, precision and completeness. It is the same development that enables the creation of reminders and alerts for practitioners to administer drugs to patients thereby saving lives. Electronic Medical records are advantageous in that with consent from patients, other health providers have access to their medical records. The advantage of having such a situation is that a patient is attended to in time since less time is used in finding out his or her medical history regardless of which health institution he or she has attended. Some patients call in hospital too sick to talk or are even subconscious but once some basic information is known about them like their identification, the physician goes right ahead with treatment without having to interview them. Electronic medical records are kept by health organizations for reference and must be kept securely. It is a statutory requirement under state and federal laws for every health organization to keep them protected from access by unauthorized people (Barrows, Randolph and Clayton, Paul. 1996). The security is for the protection of patients from victimization by employers because of certain health conditions or by their insurers. Disclosure of patients’ confidential information is capable of jeopardizing the integrity of the organization involved on account of defamation, medical malpractice and subjection of patients to emotional distress (Bennett, Bob. 1995). A health care organization therefore has the legal obligation to provide security for any confidential medical information. Physicians are also not allowed to have access to a patient’s medical record without their consent. Electronic technology enhances efficiency in the storage of medical records as well as accessibility. How to cite Privacy of Electronic Medical Records, Papers

Effective Employee Performance free essay sample

Abstract Effective employee performance management is important in order to maximize efficiency. In order to perform at the highest-level task support, feedback, knowledge and skills are important factors. If the performer has the knowledge and skills to complete a task it is important to specify what needs to be done and provide them with the necessary resources and procedures to keep the workflow. Performance management is very important when developing and building an organization. Its a way to weed out the performers who are not able to move forward. Moreover, by eing able to target performers who are able to go above and beyond; performance management will help guide the performer towards those goals by assessing what is tools and training is needed in order to achieve the organizational goals. Task Support Heathfield (2007) explains, performance management is the process of creating a work environment or setting in which people are enabled to perform to the best of their abilities (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Employee Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8). The concept of maximum performance outcome relies on the performer being able to easily identify with the procedures. There must be resources vailable, procedures in place, and a system that is easy to follow. Schanie and Kemper (2008) explain, creating strategic alignment requires that the mission, values, strategic plan and goals of the organization be communicated and ultimately converted into objectives at each organizational chart level, so every manager and individual contributor is clear regarding personal performance expectations (p. 9). By clearly identifying the organizational expectations performers are able to rise above their own level of thinking to a higher level of performance. It is hard to visualize higher expectations unless they are created and explained in a simplistic way. Task support is an important element when managing performance because it allows the performer to enter into a task performance cycle of planning, counseling, assessing and developing. The Performance manager is able to evaluate the performer while carrying out the tasks and then apply reinforcement or reward when necessary (Schanie and Kemper, 2008 p. 10). Knowledge and Skills Schanie and Kemper (2008) refer to the Total Performance Development System nd incumbent to establish performance objectives, determine mutual responsibilities for the achievement of these objectives, and anticipate resources and impediments that condition the achievement of the objectives (p. 10). Objectives and goals that are established through task management can only be accomplished if the performer is able to acquire the knowledge and perform the skills that are necessary. It is important to manage and evaluate the performer in order to supply the proper training to the performer. Task support is very important mentally and physically. In 2010, Luthans, Avey, Avolio, and Peterson explain that performance outcome is effected psychologically, the positive resources that make up an individuals psychological capital are conceptually proposed to fall in between pure states and trait like constructs (pp. 43-44). Completion of tasks relies strongly on the capacity of the performers ability to acquire knowledge and develop skills. It is up to the management to supply the task support however the performer must be able to have the ability to carrying out the tasks.

The Media and Adolescents Development

Introduction Every individual has a set of values, which, can be personal or cultural. These values define the inward and outward being of such individual directly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Media and Adolescent’s Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Collective values and measures associated to an individual have a value system of self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept, therefore, describe an individual through the attitudes, attributes, abilities and values categorized as positive or negative depending on one’s social or antisocial behavior. A child develops into an adult amidst internal and external factors like media that directly influence the general conduct. For instance, an individual who grows within an aggressive society develops antisocial behavior compared to the one within the responsive love and care of an older individual like parents or/and guardians. In order to determine and define an individual’s level of self- concepts, analysis of self-evaluation on positive attributes including contextual behavior change. Self-worth experience in a maintained criterion of positive experience and behavior change helps in defining the self-worth of an individual. One has to believe in him or herself to acquire positivity to self-concept and worth (Santrock, 2007). Role of Media in Adolescent Development The media create, produce, and advance multitudes of theories and ideas that massively influence the adolescent youth in their perceptions to themselves. Adolescents relate media materials to their own self-image and body image especially with the celebrities vastly featured in the media. For instance, media can present a documentary on ideal man and woman’s body will negatively lower self-esteem and self-concept of adolescents who feel they do not attain the ideality. The media literacy reaching the adolescents should contain moderate and general information that do not negatively influence the young (Muuss Porton, 1998). The media post unrealistic images, sharps, stereotypic information that can easily capture the attention of the adolescents especially girls. These young people can easily make unhealthy and confusing decision on how to acquire these sharps or correct the defect without considering the end results consequences: For example, uncontrolled dietary, dieting pills, excessive exercise and other unscrupulous solutions like use of steroids.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study of media influence on adolescent’s self concept shows that media like advertisements, magazines, articles either screen play or print significantly influence the development of adolescent because their mental level cannot analyze or evaluate the extend at which the media can affect them. Positive Influence to Ad olescents Although media influences the youth negatively, its merits yield beneficial results on the development of the child. The academic performances of adolescents who easily access the media tend to be higher than those who do not. Computer and internet facility increase their interest to do homework, assignments and take away projects. A T.V set similarly is an education tool when used wisely by the adolescents supervised by a guardian or parent. T.V’s talk shows and educational programmes help the learners gasp best the theoretical and abstract content learned at school (Muuss Porton, 1998). Print media materials are appropriate in exposing the young to the outside world and improving on their reading skills and culture. These materials can also boost the quality of articles they write for academic and competition use. Social sites like Facebook and Twitter allow the adolescents to interact with friends and share ideas. Conclusion Media can influence the adolescents b oth positively and negatively depending on the use. To use media for positive change among the adolescents, parents and teachers should closely monitor the nature of materials the young access and more importantly discuss on a round table with the adolescents about the merits and demerits of media on their character influence. Reference List Muuss, R. E., Porton, H. D. (1998). Adolescent Behavior Society. New York: McGraw-Hill. Santrock, J.W. (2007). A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Media and Adolescent’s Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The Media and Adolescent’s Development was written and submitted by user Sullivan Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Common Law Background of the Fourth Amendment

The Common Law Background of the Fourth Amendment Most of the legal declarations that make up the Bill of Rights, including the Fourth Amendment, were founded on the Common Law, which existed in the 16th and 17th century in England. As a matter of fact, three British law-related cases prompted the Fourth Amendment. Two out of the three cases were tried in England, and the other, adjudicated in America during the 17th century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Common Law Background of the Fourth Amendment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two cases adjudicated in England, Entick v. Carrington in 1765 and Wilkes v. Wood in 1763, were about similar issues. In both cases, Entick and Wilkes were accused â€Å"of seditious libel† for indirectly condemning the king by criticizing his ministers. The men disseminated written statements criticizing actions of the king. The king therefore passed a warrant that allowed his agents to search the residences of the men, and seize every written statement found. This action incited Entick and Wilkes to file lawsuits against the king for damages. They claimed that it was not right for the king’s agents to search their residences in a forcible manner and impounded all their written properties. Lord Camden, the judge in charge of the case, concurred with the plaintiffs and thereby made a pronouncement that the warrant issued by the king to carry out the search, as well as the actions of his agents were indeed wrong on the grounds that the issued warrant permitted the agents to confiscate all their written belongings instead of confiscating only the written materials that were pertinent to allegations, and that the warrant was passed in the absence of a reasonable cause. Also, the Fourth Warrant was inspired by the case between English Monarchs and American colonies. British Crowns imposed taxes on colonists in order to clear war debts. This action forced American traders to smuggle goods in a bi d to dodge exorbitant taxes. As a result, the British crown issued General Warrant, also referred to as Writs of Assistance, to their custom officers, which empowered them to search and impound possessions of people suspected of smuggling items. The Writs of Assistance, permitted government officials to search and impound virtually anything without reasonable cause. Writs of Assistance attained loss of right in 1763, when the French and Indian War ended.Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This event led to the extinction of General Warrant. The Fourth Amendment was therefore incorporated into the United States Constitution in 1791 upon the enactment of the Bill of Rights. Even after acceptance of the Fourth Amendment, issues of search and seizure were not well recognized until 1914 when the Supreme Court case, Weeks v. United States, instituted the â€Å"exclusionary rule†. As determined by this rule, the court will not recognize any evidence presented by the government that is contrary to the Fourth Amendment rights of the suspect, and such evidence is not sufficient to declare that person guilty. In recent times, legal and political pundits have debated about the advantages of the exclusionary rule. Those against the rule argue that it abuses justice, and defends the guilty. Others in support of the rule are of the opinion that it prevents violation of human right by overzealous officers of the law.

Changes in Political Economy of Development Essay

Changes in Political Economy of Development - Essay Example This essay stresses that in the 20th century there have been many scholars who have done extensive research on the different policies adopted. However, each researcher has been advocating for their own framework and it has been the responsibility of leaders to adopt the best for their countries. Since the dawn of communism and capitalism in the world where the two were seen to be at war with each other there have been massive changes in the systems all over the world. The conventional communism and capitalism have been overtaken by liberalism and eventually neo-liberalism. One can only ask if there are changes that will be seen in future with massive economic and political changes shaping the world. Capitalism is one of the oldest models that were used at the dawn of the 20th century and its failure was culminated by the great depression that hit the United States massively. This paper makes a conclusion that a huge gap still exists between the developed countries and the developing countries. Instituting similar paradigms and economic policies will not be helpful to the developing countries since they do not have similar levels of resources. There is a need to ensure independent a factor that should not be applied only at individual level. However, the world is braced for major transformations due to the changes in the political and economic arena and therefore leaders have a responsibility to get the best out of their economies. The changes have helped the world economy but there is more to be done to ensure the same is felt by individuals all over the world.

International Business Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Business Management - Case Study Example Wal-mart is also considered as one of the highest grossing Public Corporation all over the world. The model which Wal-mart uses are "low cost always" is been highly successful in USA's market where people value their hard-work and money. Although this model has been successful in most of the countries it operates in, this model didn't work-out in Japan. Japanese people were not ready to compromise presentation for low-cost and this corporation faced their first hurdle since its incorporation. This company is managed by Americans and they reflect typical American thinking of low-cost for everything. This resulted in their first failure in Japan, as already discussed (Fortune, August 2007). The huge disparity in cultures of various nations may tempt wal-mart to change its strategy from implement a global strategy to start using a multi-domestic strategy. Multi-domestic firms usually develop separate strategies for their different subsidiaries in different parts of the world. One such c ompany is Uni-Lever, which uses a multi-domestic strategy (Daft, 1997). Their advertising policies and products are usually varied from one country to another. Similarly, McDonald in the recent years has also used multidomestic strategies. It developed a new product McKofta for Middle-Eastern market just to suit their taste buds. Pizza Hut has also introduced Chicken Tikka Pizza for Pakistani and Indian markets.(Cluster Flock, 2009) Thus it can be established from the above discussion that those businesses which have used multi-domestic strategies are more successful than those who follow a one rigid policy for their businesses in all countries. Even companies like Dell are also going more towards customization and this shows how important being flexible is in current business situation and recessionary times. So, it is imperative for Wal-mart to change their strategy immediately and should try to make strategies on the basis of different culture of different countries. This will im prove the standing of Wal-mart not only in Japan, but also in other countries like Brazil, Mexico and United Kingdom.(Bruce Kogut , 1985) The domain of businesses now covers the entire planet due to recent advances in Globalization which was brought about by development of modern technology. Due to these advances it has become very easy for firms to control their operations in more than one country. As a result, more and more businesses now exist in more than one country. Wal-Mart is one of the largest chains of departmental stores in USA and fourteen other countries. It has been estimated that Wal-Mart's annual net income amounts to around $12 billion. Despite being a large company, Wal-Mart is just been in some South-American and European countries. It is either underestimating or not planning to exploit to the huge potentials of Asian Market. Asian Markets are known as the business hub for International businesses and all major businesses usually conduct their operations in Asia Countries, but Wal-Mart has been quite indifferent to the huge potential that Asian Economies offer. Wal-Mart exists in the tertiary sector (service sector) offering retail service to its clients. Since, Wal-Mart has large customer base, it usually purchases items in bulk and obtain large discounts and passes on these discounts to

Disability awareness in the workplace

Disability awareness in the workplace Disability Awareness in the Workplace Employers have been encouraged to hire individuals with disabilities for decades.   However, regardless of the push by government agencies, public education programs, and grassroots employment organizations, the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that the unemployment rate for disabled persons at the end of 2009 hovered at right around 14 percent; thats nearly twice the unemployment rate of workers without disabilities.   Interestingly, the rates are higher for men with disabilities than for women.   Disabled individuals are underemployed in most workplaces and this may be at least part of the reason that many non-disabled workers are often confused and embarrassed when interacting with them; they simply dont know how to look past the disability. If all you see is the disabilityyou might be missing a lot. People with disabilities are just people. Meredith Vieira, NBC News To combat the discomfort that non-disabled workers feel, many workplaces have initiated programs that â€Å"teach† workers how to interact with their disabled coworkers a sort of sensitivity training.   These programs also help lessen the burden disabled workers may feel when entering a workplace staffed with individuals who may have previously had few interactions with disabled individuals.   Any employer can initiate such a program and should focus on two key areas: communication and interaction.   Its not difficult to understand how communicating and interacting with an individual who requires the assistance of a wheelchair to get around might be somewhat different from communicating and interacting with an individual who might be deaf or hard of hearing.   However, even though disabled individuals may ultimately have different needs, most basic communication and interaction facts remain the same regardless of the disability. Understanding How Outdated or Insulting Disability Terms May Be Inappropriate Many people have no idea that referring to a disabled person as handicapped might be insulting.   Handicapped is an outdated term that refers to an individual as the sum of his or her disability.   Disabled persons are so much more than that.   Referring to someone as disabled removes the disability as a definition of the individual and instead renders it a mere characteristic; no more than someone having blue eyes or red hair, or than someone being tall or short.  Ã‚   Refrain from using outdated or insulting terms when interacting with or referring to disabled individuals.   Outdated terms include â€Å"crippled,† â€Å"lame,† and â€Å"mute.† Respect the Needs of Disabled Coworkers The equipment that some disabled persons need to work often perplexes non-disabled coworkers.   Although the disabled person may not think twice about this equipment, non-disabled individuals may feel that they have to address this equipment in some way or help their disabled coworkers maneuver throughout the workplace.   Neither of these situations is usually the case. Although non-disabled individuals may have been taught that, to be polite, they must â€Å"help† a disabled person, most disabled people are very adept at getting around and managing their equipment.   Never assume that someone in a wheelchair needs you to push him/her onto an elevator or that they need you to hold equipment as they get into their car.   Always ask if a disabled person needs assistance.   Never just assume that they do.   Disabled people value their independence as much as non-disabled people.   Robbing them of that independence in the name of being helpful or polite is not a help but an insult.   A disabled person who needs assistance will be happy you asked, and one that doesnt will value your respect. Another interaction issue to consider is how to maneuver around a disabled persons equipment.   Remember, their equipment whether it is a wheelchair, canes or crutches, or even a guide dog is like an extension of them.   Its no more appropriate for someone to grab or move equipment than it is for someone to grab the arm or hand of a coworker without being asked or without offering help.   It is no more appropriate to lean on someones wheelchair than it would be to lean on a stranger in an elevator.   Everyone has personal space, including disabled individuals.   Requests for Help Many people are too busy to consider a request for assistance from a disabled coworker as anything more than a nuisance.   But, those same people wouldnt think twice about helping a coworker that dropped an armload of file folders or one who fell on an icy sidewalk.   People with disabilities who need accommodations are not complaining and their requests for assistance should be responded to graciously; just as graciously as you would to someone who dropped something or someone who slipped on the ice.   Everyone needs a bit of help at one time or another; some people just need help a bit more often. It is so important to see past an individuals disability.   Disabled persons have as much to contribute in the workplace as non-disabled workers.   We often make adjustments when interacting with non-disabled people without even thinking about it; we interact differently with everyone.   Theres no need to feel uncomfortable or confused when dealing with a disabled coworker.   Its simply a matter of understanding what we have often been taught to ignore.

Using the concepts of class, gender and ‘race’, show how sport in Britain is affected by patterns of social inequality

Each society established its own set of norms, values and beliefs. It is these that have caused societies to change and develop over time creating ideologies of inequality, prejudice and segregation. Often the beliefs of a population stem from the hegemonic group within that society, and others possessing less social status are pressured into conforming as a result. This process is evident within the sporting world as society repeatedly forces discrimination and segregation based on socio-economic or physical differences as dictated by the hegemonic group. Class is possibly the greatest creator of inequality. We have seen how several mainstream sports can be analysed in terms of shifts and continuities in the social context in which they have emerged, prospered or declined. Their fate has been determined essentially due to material social and economic factors, and the human cultural response to those influences (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). Sports participation is not a matter of personal choice, of individual preference. It depends upon the financial resources available to the potential participant, the social status of those prominent in that activity, and the cultural meaning of a sport and the individual's relationship to those meanings. The recruitment and induction processes into, say, golf and tennis clubs bear testimony to this. Take the apparently open-minded and egalitarian basis of a newcomer presenting herself at a tennis club. In order to do this the aspirant must communicate competently with the gate-keepers of a club; read the social interactions and etiquette and conventions of a club; comply with the dress code; be equipped with relatively sophisticated technology (she would be unlikely to get far with a wooden Dunlop Maxply in 2001); and be able to play at a level of acceptable competence (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). While it is evident that upper classes thrive on being members of exclusive clubs that for others were financially inaccessible such as the England Tennis Club at Wimbledon (Sleap, 1998). The middle classes established their own clubs, although they experienced less leisure time in which to enjoy the activities. However, they did receive subsidised sporting access via the old boy network. The working class endured the roughest deal. For them the term meritocracy never existed. They had no time or money to be involved in sports or leisure activities, and therefore tended only to enjoy sport at festivals and fetes. The games they played were a complete contrast to the upper classes, they has no organisation or codification and were violent and aggressive. The complex relationship between class cultures, or habitus, and formal sports institutions has been further analysed, at a theoretically more sophisticated level by John Hargreaves (1986). He shows how the practises and technologies of schooling and sport have served as instruments of class domination, and have contributed to the cultural reproduction of class difference and social inequality. The rigid distinctions erected between the amateur and the professional were in the end rooted in class domination. The formation of these institutions on the base of public school and university sport made them also an expression of the domination of social life by men. This does not mean that no women or working class people were involved in sport. But such involvement was always within the bounds of authority exercised by men of the bourgeoisie (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). The making of modern sports has been a predominantly masculine narrative, with women marginalised or disenfranchised at most stages of the narrative. Women's involvement in cricket too, was marginalised early on, and Sandiford (1994) notes that cricket was seen as too much a ‘manly sport' even for the tennis and hockey playing women students at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford in the late nineteenth century. It was not until 1926 that the British Women's Cricket Association was founded, by hockey and lacrosse players from Malvern College (Hargreaves, Jennifer. 1994). Colley et al (1987) supported that participation of 16-18 year old males an females suggested that sports are still strongly sex typed. This enforces inequalities in society as people have images and expectations to live up to, or risk being ridiculed. Before the era of mass media, the recording of cultural imagery was firmly linked to the power of the church and the aristocracy. Painters were commissioned to celebrate the material wealth of owners. Sporting paintings portrayed the horses and dogs of the land -owners (Goldman, 1983). There were also paintings of scenes of carnivalesque celebration, such as the famous Derby Day painting, and of everyday low life showing cock-fighting or dog-fighting. The sporting press began to emerge in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. The 1870 Education Act had helped produce a new reading public. The first sports pages began to emerge in 1896 with the launch of the Daily Mail. This initiated the modern era of mass circulation of popular newspapers (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). Instead of having a positive effect on the portrayal of women in sport, the hegemonic group who have dominated sport for all time, are still dictating what images get published. During the 2000 Olympic games, the Daily Star published no less than 70% of photographs of sporting males. However, outside the sports pages during the games 70% of the photographs were of the Olympic women. These shots did not show them in the same light as their male counterparts, who were obviously of the same world class standard. They sexualised the athletes, exposing flesh. Would this have been the case if the Olympic moto had been constructed as ‘Balance, Flexibility and Ultra Endurance', instead of ‘Faster, Higher, Stronger' ? (Lines, 2001). These issues are not restricted to prejudice in women's sport, but create disadvantages for ‘races' who do not conform to the hegemonic group's system. For example, in the relationship between sport and national identity, cricket is invested with more significance than any other sport in India. Even although India dominated international hockey for decades (not losing a match in the olympics from 1928 to 1960) (McDonald, I. 1999). However, the low international prestige associated with success in hockey, has divested hockey in India of significant political importance. The widespread popularity and therefore, the commercial nature of international test and one day cricket in India can be discerned from a comparison with the game in England. Whereas the sponsors of English cricket have traditionally been banks and insurance companies, Pespi and Coca-Cola vie for predominance amoungst the benefactors of Indian Cricket (McDonald, I 1999). This merely confirms the class and ‘race' inequalities established in Britain. Class, gender and ‘race' are all inter-linked, they overlap and share some similar issues. It is clear from studies in inequality in society, that financial, ‘racial' and sex-typing have influenced British sport for many years. It is because of this that often when it comes to international competition and World championships, Britain regularly falls short of other countries. Although the introduction of the national curriculum in 1991 saw one of the first major attempts to reduce inequality; no separation between class, gender or race, with everyone participating in the same activities with the same opportunities. However, private schools are exempt from the national curriculum and thus are geared to more affluent games, reinforcing the polarisation of the classes. While Gruneau (1983) argues â€Å"mass participation in sport during the second half of the twentieth century has meant that class inequality in sport has apparently declined and there is now a leisure mass instead of a leisure class†. Ruling class ideology is still evident today and although there have been attempts to reduce its effects, people are still influenced. The prevention or reduction of inequality is a large and important issue. Attempts by the women's liberation groups and the government to establish schemes that allow access to equipment for all – 1997 ‘Sport for All' campaign. However, strong inequalities still exist in the form of oppression by the ruling classes, stereotyping of women and ‘racial' discrimination. Until these are reduced and controlled Britain will remain to fall behind on the athletic stage.

Physics Help Us in Daily Life Essay

Well how does the study of physics made a milestone for the world. And how does it help me in my daily life. Physics is the science of matter and its motion, space-time and energy. Physics describes many forms of energy – such as kinetic energy, electrical energy, and mass; and the way energy can change from one form to another. Everything surrounding to us is made of matter and Physics explains matter as combinations of fundamental particles which are interacting through fundamental forces. It will not be an exaggeration if it is said that Nature is almost Physics (apart from the fact that the word Physics itself is derived from Greek â€Å"physis† meaning nature). Physics is all around us. We can find Physics as the backbone for any daily life example such as an electric light, electricity, the working of our vehicle, wristwatch, cell phone, CD player, radio, plasma TV set, computer, and – the list goes on Physics and its principles are integrated with almost everything you do. A few of the things physics controls are how: †¢Pool balls react and move †¢Heat transfers into your cooking †¢Refrigerators cool the contents †¢Car engines work †¢Airplanes fly †¢Televisions and computers operate †¢Water gets to your house and sewage leaves †¢There is fizz in your soda or beer †¢Paint sticks to a wall The problem is that these activities are so integrated with your experience that you know how to throw a ball so it gets to the catcher in baseball (for example) without doing the math. However in the same way you can appreciate music without under standing the key, attack, dwell or pitch musicians (and in physics, scientists) need to know them to make more for your enjoyment.

Malcolm X Essay example - 1793 Words

Malcolm X Malcolm’s family was a victim of racism before he was even born. His father, Reverend Earl Little, had experienced the death of three of his brothers by white men and one by lynching. This caused Rev. Little to become a preacher of Marcus Garvey’s pro-black and Back-to-Africa beliefs. Because of these beliefs, Malcolm’s family was often a target of racist acts. Due to an incident by the Ku Klux Klan while Malcolm’s mother was still pregnant with him they moved from Omaha to Milwaukee. There their were still many hate crimes. They a couple more times and then to Lansing, Michigan. Malcolm experienced friction between his parents and child abuse of his older siblings by his mother, Louise. One night in September 1931†¦show more content†¦Malcolm experienced many things for the first time... ‘I had never had tasted a sip of liquor, never even smoked a cigarette, and here I saw little black children, ten and twelve years old, shooting craps, playing cards, fighting....children threw swear words I’d never heard before....† Malcolm met Shorty, a man who had a significant influence on Malcolm’s life. Shorty helped Malcolm find a job as a shoeshine boy for a large ballroom. Malcolm was trained for a few nights by the exiting guy. This training included not only shoeshining but also the dealing of drugs and the hiring of prostitutes for customers. Soon Shorty had showed Malcolm how to wear s zoot suit and put his hair into a conk (a hairstyle African Americans wore to straighten their hair). Malcolm soon learned how to dance and ended up quitting his shoeshine job. In the process of dancing, he met Laura, an educated girl who was also an excellent dance partner. Malcolm began going out with Laura and was involved in a serious relationship until he met Sophia. Sophia was an older white girl whom Malcolm immediately went after at a party. It wasn’t long until Sophia was was with Malcolm. Soon after in 1942 in an attempt by his aunt to get him away from Boston and Sophia Malcolm becam e a dishwasher foe the railroad company. Malcolm soon became a local street hustler but was forced to retreat back to Boston after finding out another hustler, the Mafia, and police were allShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X2364 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction Malcolm X is seen as quite a controversial person. His admirers see him as a courageous human rights activist who campaigned for the rights of African Americans and showed white America how racist it was. His enemies see him as a racist, anti-Semitic and violent person. Malcolm X was orphaned early in life. At the age of six his father was killed and it has been rumoured that white racists were responsible. Seven years later his mother passed away after which he lived in a seriesRead MoreMalcolm Of The Malcolm X Journey2039 Words   |  9 PagesThe Malcolm X Journey Malcolm Little was born in the mid twentieth century, these were difficult times for the black youth. As Little grew older he knew there needed to be change, he was one of the few people that was capable of making that happen for the fellow African-American and African. At a very young age Malcolm grasped the concept that there s something not right, that there needed to be an alteration and thus is where he started his studies. Malcolm needed to be outspoken he wanted toRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X962 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born to Louise and Earl Little. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the seventh of eleven children. Malcolms father, Earl, was a Baptist minister from Reynolds, Georgia. His mother was raised in Grenada in the British West Indies. His father was also became an organizer for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus Garvey and his followers fought for racial separation and more power for blacks. Growing up, MalcolmsRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesautobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including my self have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Malcolm X is misunderstoodRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X791 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standards. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spreads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreWho is Malcolm X?1087 Words   |  5 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of Louise Norton and Earl Little. He lived with 7 brothers and sisters. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken Baptist minister and on various occasions received death threats forcing his family to relocate twice before Malcolm’s fourth birthday. Malcolm’s father Earl Little, was a man of the Baptist preaching community who was a supporter of large civil right movements. Earl had many encounters withRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley was published in 1965. It is national best seller about the life and times of Malcolm X. On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. His father was a preacher who spoke out about the unity of black people. This caused several white racists to strike out against Malcolm’s father and his family violently. His family moved to Lansing, Michigan where Malcolm, his parents, brothers, and sisters were shot at, burned out of their home, harassedRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1346 Words   |  6 Pagesamong all of these leaders though, Malcolm X. Although fighting for the same thing as his colleagues in the civil rights movements, he was considered by many to represent the more extreme side of the battle for equa lity in the United States. It is his standout views and beliefs that make Malcolm X one of the most prominent and fascinating African-American leaders in the 1950s and 60s. Malcolm X was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska by the name of Malcolm Little. His childhood was plaguedRead More Malcolm X Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960s believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther Kings non-violent protests werent working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm Xs life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and anRead MoreThe Education Of Malcolm X Essay984 Words   |  4 Pageswrite to express your feelings and communicate with others. Frederick Douglass and Malcom X both succeeded in learning how to read and write, but in different ways. The education of Malcolm X was learned more formally. Frederick Douglass learned from his surroundings and the people around him. Malcom and Frederick battled in reading and writing, but learned in similar and different ways. During the 1960s, Malcolm X was one of many articulate and powerful leaders of black America. Before he was a street