Analysis Of The Republic, Jesus Of Nazareth s The...

The war is over. The country of Germany is in shambles and the dictator Adolf Hitler is dead, but still vividly exists in the nightmares of many. Innocent millions have been slaughtered and the need to seek justice and determine what justice for both implementors of the genocide and for the victims who persevered through the atrocities. Many are quick to suggest killing those involved in the massacre but upon reflection, it only becomes more apparent a better solution is out there. Through the exploration of philosophy, one can discover what can and should be done to serve justice. It is up to learned to look upon themselves and thinkers of the past to tackle the difficult task. The decision must go beyond the brute force of Nazi torture and create a future that is bright for every individual. In search of universal truth, the literary works of Plato’s The Republic, Jesus of Nazareth’s The Gospel of Matthew, and Shakespeare’s Hamlet shall be stripped, searched, a nd gutted to decipher how justice should truly be served. To reach these truths one should begin with a foundation of philosophy. In his novel Plato has his master Socrates begin a quest of seeking what Justice means. He desires an absolute truth well beyond the general view of his society. Every suggestion made by his peers is deemed inadequate. His peer Thrasymachus claims that â€Å"justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger†. This simple view lacks nearly any human empathy and encourages the

Managers Must Discipline Employees For Organizational...

1. While managers must discipline employees for organizational behaviors from time to time, what are some of the challenges one faces; and what type of plan of action can one implement to put an end to the issues being presented. So, what is discipline, it’s a way for manager to instill learning, by helping one to improve their behavior; through that of corrective actions. Although, discipline has been classified as being harsh and unjustifiable towards employees not meeting company standards, and can be avoidable, others feel its beneficial in helping to improve one’s behavior through that of using corrective actions; instead of punishing them for their mistakes. However, for this concept to be the best alternative, managers need to approach the situation head on and quickly for it to be resolved; before more problems surface or become out of control. Just like with Quentin, who is making it a habit to miss work every Monday, and failing to meet company standards; wh ile not holding up to his commitments of abiding to organizational standard and policies. This can be a huge problem for management as well as himself (Quentin), because no manager ever wants to put a plan of action into force just to obtain newer results; especially when one employee is lacking responsibility due to their actions. But unfortunately, sometimes they have no choice, and a plan of action is implemented and monitored to meet ones’ expectations; while being document throughout the whole process.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior And Combat Turnover874 Words   |  4 PagesEmploying the Contributing Disciplines of Organizational Behavior to Combat Turnover Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness (Robbins Judge, 2013). Essentially, Organizational behavior is the study of the actions of people inside of an organization, and how those actions affect the organization’sRead MoreOrganizational Discipline878 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational discipline means to systematically conducting the business by the organizational members who strictly adhere to the essential rules and regulations, (Employee Discipline and Features of a Sound Disciplinary System 2012). Therefore, discipline helps to enforce company rules, with the ultimate goal of meeting company visions and values. Discipline is meted out at the level of management, in terms of disciplining employees for behaviors that do not conform to company ideals or regulationsR ead MoreThe Relevance Of Organizational Behavior1202 Words   |  5 Pagesbasic terms, organizational behavior concerns itself with the behavior of individuals in the organizational setting. This text concerns itself with the study of organizational behavior. In so doing, this paper will amongst other things address not only the various concepts associated with organizational behavior but also the relevance of studying the same as an academic discipline. Organizational Behavior: A Concise Definition In seeking to define organizational behavior, we must first defineRead MoreImportance of Organizational Behavior Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Organizational Behavior In any organization one can assume that the main goal of that business is to succeed; what exactly does being a winning organization mean and what does it take to get there? In the past companies placed a great amount of emphasis on the numbers and how to achieve those numbers. The people who actually helped achieve those numbers were graded on their technical skills, productivity, and budgets. Employees were moneymaking machines and how they achievedRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1046 Words   |  5 PagesHead: Organizational Behavior \ Erica Wilson Organizational Behavior AJS 512 Douglas Bryant III April 23, 2012 Organizational Behavior According to Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, and Uhl-bien Organizational behavior is the study of individuals and groups in organizations (pg. 4). Organizational behavior is an applied discipline that is based on scientific method which was researched to help formulate teams and collegial work environments. The importance of organizational behavior is toRead MoreThe Dynamics of People and Organizations1655 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 The Dynamics of People and Organizations Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people – as individuals and as groups – act within organizations. Organizational Behavior is a scientific discipline in which a large number of research studies and conceptual developments are constantly adding to its knowledge base. Goals of Organizational Behavior (Most Sciences share four goals) * Describe (How people behave under a varietyRead More The Importance of Organizational Behavior Essay781 Words   |  4 Pages The Importance of Organizational Behavior In any organization one can assume that the main goal of that business is to succeed; what exactly does being a winning organization mean and what does it take to get there? In the past companies placed a great amount of emphasis on the numbers and how to achieve those numbers. The people who actually helped achieve those numbers were graded on their technical skills, productivity, and budgets. Employees were moneymaking machines and how they achievedRead MoreFive Models of Organization Behavior729 Words   |  3 Pages * sFive Models of Organizational Behavior: Factors | 1)Autocratic | 2)Custodial | 3)Supportive | 4)Collegial | 5)System | Basis of model | Power | Economic resources | Leadership | Partnership | Trust, Community | Managerial orientation | Authority | Money | Support | Team work | Caring,Compassion | Employee orientation | Obedience | Securityamp;Benefits | Job performance | Responsiblebehavior | Psychologicalownership | Employee psychological result | Dependenceonboss | DependenceonorganizationRead MoreDilemma at Devils Den1330 Words   |  6 Pagessnack bar, called The Devil’s Den. At the time she was there she realized that there were some difficulties of the employees doing their job right, such as thefts that were going on for a long time now. Something else that bothered Susan was that no one paid attention of the behavior of the night shift employees. Devil’s Den had a contract with the College Food Service (CFS). The employees from the snack bar took advantage of this situation and they got too loose. They took food after their shift andRead MoreDilemma at Devils Den1318 Words   |  6 Pagessnack bar, called The Devil’s Den. At the time she was there she realized that there were some difficulties of the employees doing their job right, such as thefts that were going on for a long time now. Something else that bothered Susan was that no one paid attention of the behavior of the night shift employees. Devil’s Den had a contract with the College Food Service (CFS). The employees from the snack bar took advantage of this situation and they got too loose. They took food after their shift and

The Balfour Declaration free essay sample

Balfour, who was the British Foreign Secretary, was the person responsible for signing the document (Key Press Release on the Recognition of the State of Israel, 2011). His intensions, along with C. Weizmann and the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland, were to establish a homeland for Jewish people (Zionism, 2011). The land given to the Jews was not just sacred land to the Jews, but for other religions as well (Palestine, 2011). For these reasons, the leaders of the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland with the additional help of Chaim Weizmann, they were able to receive a declaration stating specific land to the Jews. This might have been a jubilant day for the Jews, but it resulted in future turmoil between many Arab countries and the soon to be proclaimed land of Israel. This document was written and signed by Sir Arthur James Balfour in the United Kingdom, but affected the people living in Palestine at the time (Palestine, 2011). The document was published and received by Baron Rothschild on November 2, 1917 (British Official Statement on Palestine, 1951). Baron Rothschild was a leader of the British Jewish community at the time. Palestine was a piece of land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands. The document entitled a Jewish homeland for Jews in the land of Palestine (Balfour Declaration, 2011). Arthur Balfour states in the letter that, â€Å"†¦it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. The Jewish community would not dare go against with what was written in the letter, in fear of the consequences that could take place. The real frustration started when the Arabs living in Palestine, at the time, were taken off their land and became jealous of the fact that the Jews were able to produce agriculture in forsaken desert land, when all attempts were made by the Arabs (Official Statement of British Policy in Palestine, 1951). The location of the land given might not have been exact f or Zionists, but at that point, it was not an option. The reaction of people and places around Palestine and even in at the time was major. In large groups, Jews started to travel over to Palestine at once, which created the Zionist Movement (Palestine, 2011). Zionism is the national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel, advocated, from its inception, tangible as well as spiritual aims. (A Definition of Zionism, 2011) Another response and different outlook to the signing of the Balfour Declaration was immediate stoppage of Jewish immigration to Palestine by the Arabs. The Arabs feared that if enough Jews were to eventually populate Palestine, the Arabs would have to deal with expulsion. As much as they tried to stop Jews from entering Palestine, a plethora still managed to enter (Summary of the Arab Demands in Palestine, 1951). As time went on, tensions between the Jews and Arabs greatly increased (Palestine Liberation Organization, 2011). Many terrorist groups were formed later on. One group formed was called Hamas. On June 26, 2006, they captured a 19-year-old Israeli solider named Gilad Shalit. For more than five years, they held him hostage with no connection to the outside world. He had no idea of when it was day and night what day of the week it was, or the current date. He was released recently on October 18, 2011, upon the conditional release of 1,027 Palestinian terrorists (Gilad Shalit, 2011). The reaction of the declaration was beneficial to the Jews who were seeking a Jewish homeland, but caused atrocious behavior by Arabs. There were many favorable reforms of the Balfour Declaration, while at the same time, many dreadful occurrences were prone to take place. Some advantageous improvements for the Jews caused by the document could start with the fact that with the already owned Jewish land, the Jews could proclaim independence in the near future (United State Recognition of the New State of Israel, 1951). They also now had a place where Jews could gather and feel safe in the â€Å"Holy Land† together. The Jewish people might not have been wealthy or prosperous, but they felt connected and mentally opulent (The Balfour Declaration, November 2, 1917, 1918). Gruesome is the nice way to put how future wars were to become. The Arabs were furious at the Jews for â€Å"stealing† land from them, and eventually reached a boiling point (Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2011). In 1920, during one of the most holy holidays for Jews, Passover, an Arab riot broke out, killing six Jews and injuring almost 200. Thankfully for the preliminary organization of Jewish defense, the number killed could have gone up immensely. (Arab Riots of the 1920’s, 2011) Neither can we forget the unspeakable, outrageous act of violence towards Jews labeled the Holocaust. From the infamous â€Å"inspiration and determination† of one man, Adolf Hitler, he himself was able to brainwash thousands of people into believing that the Jews were evil and satanic. He soon instructed those people, titled Nazis, to go out and start to kill any Jew, handicapped, and other sections of people in the Germany, Poland, and other European countries. In the end, about six million Jews were killed in this tragic war. One last dramatic event was the Yom Kippur War in 1973. On October 6, 1973, Egyptian, Syrian, and Arab terrorists attacked Israel on one of the holiest days of the year for a Jew. Close to 2800 Israeli soldiers were killed, and close to 8000 were injured. After the war, Israel became more secure and founded a better military. As superior of a declaration it was to the Jews, it would later on create dreadful experiences to the Jewish population. In the end, the Balfour Declaration could be said that it is the cause to the most enduring and explosive of all of the world’s conflict (BBC News, 2011). For the past millennium, numerous acts of terrorism and racism have resulted in millions of deaths to Jews. Half of the Jewish population today is in Israel, almost nearly all of the other half of the Jews live in the United States, leaving the rest scattered around the world. As of 2007, there were 13. 2 million Jews in the world out of the world population of 6. 97 billion. Out of the total population of the world, . 2% were Jews. Because of the Balfour Declaration, the population size and distribution around the world was affected then and still remains today. The revolution of the Balfour Declaration was mainly to establish land for the Jewish population. At the time, the Jews intension was to create a place where they could live and feel safe, but also for people of others religions to live in harmony. They knew that the land was sacred to more than just them. There were many reactions of the Balfour Declaration. Some were devastating to the Jews and some were joyous days for the Jewish community. The major reactions of both the Jews and Arabs could include the numerous acts of violence toward the Jewish population including acts of terrorism and the Holocaust, but also includes the fact that they were able to declare independence and statehood. As for the reforms, the Jews were able to gain statehood, at the cost of millions of deaths, terrorism towards the Jewish religion, and ongoing wars between the Jews and the Palestinians and Arabs. Annotated Bibliography Citations- Primary Source British Official Statement On Palestine, November 1938. Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918. Chicage: Lippincott, 1951. World Book Advanced. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. This article tells us that the Balfour Declaration was published in 1917. It shows how far back the document was brought to action, and the time proceeding it in which hatred towards one another can still continue. First World War. com Primary Documents Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917. First World War. com A Multimedia History of World War One. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. lt;http://www. firstworldwar. com/source/balfour. htmgt;. The document states that it has sympathy with Jewish Zionism. Foreshadows jealousy with Arabs towards Jews and future conflict. Gilad Shalit Israel News, Ynetnews. Israel News: Ynetnews. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. lt;http://www. ynetnews. com/articles/0,734,L-4115417,00. htmlgt;. States how Gilad Shalit, a 19 year old Jewish soldier, was kidnapped by Hamas, an Arab terrorist group. Helps me understand the true turmoil between the Jews and the Arabs. Key Press Release on the Recognition of the State of Israel. World Book Advanced. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. Chaim Weizmann, who was a Zionist, persuaded Arthur Balfour and the British Government to issue a document favoring establishment of a Jewish national homeland. It helped me realize that Chaim Weizmann played an important role for receiving the document. Official Statement Of British Policy In Palestine, 1930. Documents and Readings in the History of Europe Since 1918. Chicage: Lippincott, 1951. World Book Advanced. Web. 30 Oct. 2011.

The Scarlet Letter The Forest Essays - English-language Films

The Scarlet Letter: The Forest In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a rigid Puritan society in which one is unable to divulge his or her innermost thoughts and secrets. Every human being needs the opportunity to express how he or she truly feels; otherwise the emotions are bottled up until they become volatile. Unfortunately, Puritan society did not permit this kind of expression; thus characters had to seek alternate means to relieve their personal anguishes and desires. Luckily, at least for the four main characters, Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of the mysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide a kind of shelter for members of society in need of a refuge from daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of the pivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into the wilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This is precisely the escape route from strict mandates of law and religion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can open up and be themselves. It is here that Dimmesdale openly acknowledges Hester and his undying love for her. It is also here that Hester can do the same for Dimmesdale. Finally, it is here that the two of them can openly engage in conversation without being preoccupied with the constraints that Puritan society places on them. The forest itself is the very embodiment of freedom. Nobody watches in the woods to report misbehavior, thus it is here that people may do as they wish. To independent spirits such as Hester Prynnes, the wilderness beckons her: Throw off the shackles of law and religion. What good have they done you anyway? Look at you, a young and vibrant woman, grown old before your time. And no wonder, hemmed in, as you are, on every side by prohibitions. Why, you can hardly walk without tripping over one commandment or another. Come to me, and be masterless. (p.186) Truly, Hester takes advantage of this, when Arthur Dimmesdale appears. She openly talks with Dimmesdale about subjects that would never be mentioned in any place other than the forest. What we did... she reminds him, had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said to each other! This statement shocks Dimmesdale and he tells Hester to hush, but he eventually realizes that he is in an environment where he can openly express his emotions. The thought of Hester and Dimmesdale having an intimate conversation in the confines of the society in which they live is incomprehensible. Yet here, in the forest, they can throw away all reluctance and finally be themselves under the umbrella of security that exists. In Puritan society, self-reliance is stressed among many other things. However, self-reliance is more than stressed- it is assumed. It is assumed that you need only yourself, and therefore should have no emotional necessity for a shoulder to cry on. Once again, for people in the stations of life which Hester and Dimmesdale hold, it would be unthinkable for them to comfort each other. Yet, in the forest, these cares are tossed away. Be thou strong for me, Dimmesdale pleads. Advise me what to do. (p. 187) This is a cry for help from Dimmesdale, finally admitting he cannot go through this ordeal by himself. With this plea comes an interesting sort of role-reversal. When Dimmesdale asks for help, he is no longer sustaining the belief that he is above Hester. He is finally admitting that she is an equal, or even that she is above him. This is possibly one of the reasons that Puritans wont accept these emotional displays- because the society is so socially oriented. Hester, assuming a new position of power, gives a heartfelt, moving speech. The eloquence of her words cannot be overemphasized, and a more powerful statement had yet to be made in the book. Hesters speech turns out to bear a remarkable resemblance to one of Dimmesdales sermons. Begin all anew! ... Preach! Write! Act!(p. 188) The questions she asks are also like the articulate questions which Dimmesdale would pose during his sermons. The

Why Burning Money Is Illegal in the United States

Why Burning Money Is Illegal in the United States If you have money to burn, congratulations- but youd better not actually set fire to a pile of cash. Burning money is illegal in the United States and is  punishable by up to 10 years in prison, not to mention fines. (More fun facts: Its also illegal to tear a dollar bill and even flatten a penny  under the weight of a locomotive on the railroad tracks.) The laws making defacing and debasing currency a crime have their roots in the federal governments use of precious metals to mint coins. Criminals were known to file down or cut off portions of those coins and keep the slivers for themselves while spending the altered currency. The odds of being prosecuted under the federal laws that making burning money or defacing coins, however, are fairly slim. First, coins now contain very little precious metals. Second, defacing printed currency in an act of protest is often compared to burning the American flag. That is to say, burning money may be considered protected speech under the U.S. Constitutions First Amendment. What the Law Says About Burning Money The section of federal law that makes tearing up or burning money a crime is  Title 18, Section 333, which was passed in 1948 and reads: Whoever mutilates, cuts, defaces, disfigures, or perforates, or unites or cements together, or does any other thing to any bank bill, draft, note, or other evidence of debt issued by any national banking association, or Federal Reserve bank, or the Federal Reserve System, with intent to render such bank bill, draft, note, or other evidence of debt unfit to be reissued, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. What the Law Says About Mutilating Coins The section of federal law that makes mutilating coins a crime is Title 18, Section 331, which reads: Whoever fraudulently alters, defaces, mutilates, impairs, diminishes, falsifies, scales, or lightens any of the coins coined at the mints of the United States, or any foreign coins which are by law made current or are in actual use or circulation as money within the United States; or whoever fraudulently possesses, passes, utters, publishes, or sells, or attempts to pass, utter, publish, or sell, or brings into the United States, any such coin, knowing the same to be altered, defaced, mutilated, impaired, diminished, falsified, scaled, or lightened shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. A separate section of Title 18 makes it illegal to debase coins minted by the U.S. government, meaning to shave some of the metal off and make the money less valuable. That crime is punishable by fines and up to 10 years in prison. Prosecutions Are Rare for Mutilating Currency Its pretty rare for someone to be arrested and charged with defiling or debased U.S. currency. Even those penny press machines found at arcades and some seashore attractions are in compliance with the law because theyre used to create souvenirs and not to debase or shave metal off the coin for profit or fraud. Perhaps the highest profile case of currency mutilation dates to 1963. An 18-year-old U.S. Marine named Ronald Lee Foster was convicted of whittling away the edges of pennies and spending the 1 cent coins as dimes in vending machines. Foster had been sentenced to a year of probation and $20, but more seriously the conviction prevented him from being able to get a gun license. Foster made national news in 2010 when President Barack Obama pardoned him.

Write To Be Scanned

Write To Be Scanned Write To Be Scanned Write To Be Scanned By Michael Writing for the computer screen is different than writing for the printed page. There is actually a physiological difference between the two reading materials. Paper, as youve noticed, doesnt flicker (unless its on fire). If you need more light to read by, you can always turn on another light or move closer to the window. But a computer screen does flicker. How fast it flickers is called the refresh rate, and the refresh rate of most monitors is set too low by detault. And if you aim another light at your computer screen, youll only get more glare. All this means that the eyes of your readers will tire out faster when they read from their computer monitor. So people will be anxious to read faster. In the old days, you could pore over the latest letter from your grandmother over a cup of tea. Dont expect your customers to sip tea while they read your sales letter, unless youre a very captivating writer. What is the best way to write for the screen? Write short. Get to the point. Say it quickly. Use the inverted pyramid style of writing, like a reporter does. Write in lists. Use bullets those little marks that begin each line in this list. Or if youre writing instructions (a form of technical writing), discuss each step in order and use numbered lists instead of bulleted lists. Write to be scanned. Most people who read computer screens are looking for information. Help them to find the information as soon as possible. You may think you should hide the juicy bits within a flowing, glowing sales pitch (such as your price and how to order) in hopes your potential customer will read all of it. But if you dont provide the information your reader wants before they get impatient, they will go somewhere else. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)How Do You Pronounce "Mozart"?

Artists interview Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artists interview - Research Paper Example I spent those precious two years studying architecture, painting drawing and landscape (Nichols, Burke & Burke 8). This fellowship not only afforded to me a chance to study the architectural works of some of the best classical architects, but also exposed me to the writings of some of the best classical architects and critics (Nichols, Burke & Burke 9). It was at Rome that I gained grounding in the actual language of architecture. The experiences I gained at Rome had a marked influence on my future architectural and academic career. A. The courses I teach cater to varied thematic concerns pertaining to architecture like the intricacies of furniture, relationship existent between landscape and buildings, the relationship and contrast afforded by architectural constructions and open space, the contemporary and traditional fundamentals of architecture, etc (Nichols, Burke & Burke 8). I also serve as a design critique for many universities, publications and professional organizations (Nichols, Burke & Burke 10). A. Well, as an architect, it is drawing that is pivotal to my architectural style and works (Nichols, Burke & Burke 8). People, with whom I have worked with or for, do appreciate me for my detailed sketches and drawings. I am generally known for my figurative style of architecture that blends the more traditional aspects of architecture with the lessons culled out from modernist architecture (Nichols, Burke & Burke 27). A. I think that the style of architecture I adhered to received somewhat mixed reviews that atrociously startled both the architectural professionals and the general public. As per my belief, I always accorded a precedent to my personal creativity over style (Jacobus & Braziller 1962). In a personal context it turned out to be extremely satisfying, however, there are critics who blame me of pandering to the fashion and style and consider me to be the designer of some of the most shallow and

The Global context of modern business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Global context of modern business - Essay Example In today’s fast paced business environment Companies need to be fast growing, efficient, profitable, flexible, adaptable, and future-ready and have a dominant market position because in the absence of these qualities and characteristics companies cannot pose healthy competition in the modern global economy. Hence to successfully pursue their goals and also maximize profits, it’s crucial that they be in a position to obtain entree into new markets and come up with brand new ideas. Companies frequently opt to expand their business by means of Mergers & Acquisitions more willingly than engaging their labours on their personal business activities. This kind of growth and expansion is seen as a more rapid mode of accomplishing the primary purpose. (Krishnan 2009) Particularly in technology focused industries, where development is often boomed with the aid of amplified innovations, and companies can also stay in competition by being parallel to those which companies that are developing the innovative technology in the first place. This parallelism can be attained through both Merger as well as Acquisition. (Krishnan 2009) Today in the modern world companies can gain and sustain competitive advantage by being knowledgeable. The knowledgeable employees of an organization are its asset and are well treasured by it. (Krishnan 2009) Dimensions of the Business Environment: The business environment of a company is the macro and micro environment in which a company operates but it doesn’t have a direct control over it. It influences the company`s activities and performance in various ways, proving to be positive or negative at different stages in time. (Agrawala 2009) The macro environment is the general environment of the country in which the company is operating and it affects all companies in the economy. The next environment affecting the company is the industry and this comprises of the industrial conditions in which the company is operating in step to its competitors. Next is the microenvironment which deals with its specific markets and to other organizations that contribute to its production and distribution activities. It may also include other businesses manufacturing and marketing complimentary goods and services. (Agrawala 2009) Business Opportunities in Pakistan Since 1990 when Pakistan was on the threshold of bankruptcy, it has shown a remarkable political and economical development and has overcome the negativity in the minds of the international marketers. Pakistan is one of the most prominent countries of the Islamic world with an ever increasing population of approximately 150 million; hence it is well renowned by the international community. Considering the geographical location of Pakistan, it has close political and economic relations with the Middle East, Central and South Asia as it is the main entryway to Central Asia and supplier to the Emirates. Pakistan is a member of the South Asian Association for Regio nal Co-operation (SAARC) and lately noteworthy steps have been taken by SAARC, to create a South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) which will also include India. (Guitard, Khan & Bienen, p 2, no date) Since 9/11 Pakistan has received sizeable economic support from its key creditors and this has made significant room for fast export growth, a positive balance of payments, reduction of the cost of debt service, a dramatic increase in the country’s currency reserves and an all time low for domestic interest rates. Due to the reduced cost of debt as well

Thompson v. Oklahoma Essay Example for Free

Thompson v. Oklahoma Essay The case Thompson v. Oklahoma took place in 1988. William Thompson (15 year-old boy) killed his brother-in-law, who had been abusing his sister. The murder was not committed in state of temporary insanity, so the court considered it as first-degree murder and sentenced William Thompson to death. As far as the 8th and 14th Amendments ban death sentence for a person, who is under 16 years old at the moment of committing crime, the Court considered execution of 15-year old boy as cruel and unusual. The case was reversed and remanded and the Supreme Court granted William Thompson certiorari. The crime was committed by four persons. William Thompson took part in murder. The killed had a lot of bruises, his leg was broken; his chest, abdomen and throat had been cut, and he had been shot two times. Then after they fettered him to a concrete block and threw him to the river. All four people, who took part in crime, were sentenced to death. As far as Thompson was under 16 at the moment of committing crime, he couldn’t be executed because of prohibition. The justices thoroughly examined circumstances of crime, and concluded that the child was quite aware of consequences at the moment of committing crime and as far as he had mental capacity to realize all the consequences of crime. They stated that there was no chance to rehabilitate William Thompson with help of juvenile system and that he should be treated as adult. At the first stage of trial, the prosecutor presented three photographs, showing the dead body after it was taken out from the river. The photos were introduced to convince guilt of William Thompson. Later the prosecutor asked to find two circumstances, which prove that crime was cruel and heinous. The Court complied with request. In such a way the Court of Criminal Appeals gave its approval to the fact of death sentence. They stated that as far as a person, who was under 16 years old at the moment of committing crime, is certified as an adult for trial procedures, he can be also punished as adult. At the same time, as far as the Supreme Court granted William Thompson certiorari, they had to consider, whether a death sentence was â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† for a minor and violates his constitutional rights. First of all, there should be a certain degree of culpability, which allows accepting death sentence for a minor. The problem was that authors of the 8th Amendment introduced prohibition against â€Å"cruel and unusual punishments†, although they didn’t give any specifications for that. Judges, who were responsible for trial, should examine, whether the punishment could be considered as violating the â€Å"evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society† Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86, 101 (1958) (plurality opinion) (Warren, C. J.). Justice Powell compared rights of adults and children, and came to conclusion, that there are certain differences between them. For example, children are not eligible to vote, to purchase alcohol and cigarettes, to mention a few. Justice Powell stated that according to laws of Oklahoma, a person under 16 years old can be treated as a child only. Taking into considerations all prohibitions and limitations in rights for minors (as well as driving with parental consent, marrying with parental consent only, etc), the child cannot be treated as adult during the trial and to be fully responsible for his actions before attaining his maturity. Further the Supreme Court examined minimum age for death penalty. For example, there are 14 States in America, which don’t recognize death penalty at all; from the other side, there are 19 States, which authorize to impose death penalty, but don’t state minimum age of a person (this is an obstacle to find consensus). Although, the judges accepted supposition, that in those States, where death penalty is accepted, minimum age of criminal should be at least 16 years. The American Law Institute and the American Bar Association also are against the death sentence for minors. Judges also presented the fact, that there are plenty of countries, where death penalty is prohibited at all (such countries as Germany, United Kingdom, Russia, Spain, New Zealand, the Netherlands, etc) Further, the Supreme Court examined quantity of people, sentenced to death during the XX century, and came to conclusion that majority of cases were held in the first half of century. The average age of young people, committed crimes and sentenced to death, was approximately 18-20 years old. There were only five minors (under 16 years old), sentenced to death for participation in cruel murders. The Court also considered age as a mitigating circumstance, stating that young people at the age under 16 are not able to control their behavior to that extent, the adults can. Young people are more impulsive and cannot think in long-rank terms, as the adults can, so they shouldn’t be treated as adults during trials. So, taking into consideration all afore said, the Court Criminal Judgment’s decision was vacated and the case Thompson v. Oklahoma was remanded, getting instructions to prohibit death sentence for a youth under 16 years old.

The Experimental Film, Fallen Angels Essay -- Movie Film Essays

The Experimental Film, Fallen Angels This experimental film makes use of a variety of camera shots to create a unique story that is at times funny, at times violent, and at times sad. It follows a man and a woman who are business partners; he is a hit man and she tells him the target. They are attracted to each other, but he does not want to start a relationship for fear it will destroy their business relationship. He finds another girl and in the end decides to end the business relationship because his partner can not get over him. He does, however, agree to one more job, where he ends up getting killed by his target. There is also a parallel story of a young man who earns money by annoying people and his relationship with his father and the girl he likes. He helps this girl look for the woman her boyfriend is cheating on her with and then the girl goes back to her boyfriend. In the end he meets the girl whose partner died and they ride off â€Å"into the sunset† on his motorcycle. Although there are two separate storylines that converge in the end, the story seems like it’s prett...

FMB&T Case Study Essay

This case study is all about a bank by the name of FMB&T. Recently, the CEO and President of FMB&T, Marshall Pinkard, received an e-mail from a Vice President of the company, Ayishia Coles, who also happens to be the company’s Chief Information Officer. Ayishia reported to Marshall with several frustrations. She was having problems with her job because she didn’t have clear cut responsibilities or authorities, which had caused her some trouble in how to deal with people who had come to her for IT solutions. She had expressed that employees from several departments had come to her with problems she could not understand because they were poorly described. She had also expressed that these employees that came to her expected immediate results, but when she tried to be an administrator or facilitator, her efforts were not responded to with open arms. The other departments’ problems seemed to all be very complex and required a lot of time for the IT department to fix, which irritated the other departments in the bank. Ayishia’s last frustration seemed to be that the IT department seemed to simply work in applications development and only had a responsibility to fix the problems of the other departments in the bank. She noted that the IT department had some good ideas for business strategies involving IT developments, but their ideas seemed to be shunned or neglected. Marshall seemed to agree with Ayishia in her request for a formal copy of her authorities and responsibilities, but also pondered the idea that maybe Ayishia had uncovered a major organizational problem throughout the bank. Ayishia’s main frustrations stemmed from her lack of a feeling of authority, although she was an executive Vice President. It seems as though workers in the bank have a problem respecting her, and the study hints that it might be because she’s still new and the employees aren’t as familiar with her and her duties yet. Ayishia may have asked for a formal copy of her duties and powers because she is new and wants something formal from the President to give her and the other employees throughout the company a feel for what her job exactly is. That way Ayishia will feel more confident in her actions and employees will be more open to her help. If I am Marshall Pinkard, I take the situation one step at a time. On one hand, the feeling that Ayishia, a  major leader in the company, is not respected hints that maybe it is time for a massive overhaul in the company’s organizational structure. You can make the argument that the situation will get better with time, but there are other factors that say otherwise. There are problems within the IT department where they basically believe they are â€Å"lab rats† and do a lot of the â€Å"dirty work† for the other parts of the company, while their ideas about improving the bank as a whole seem to be ignored. So Ayishia is a new executive and her department seems to be not only neglected but also under a lot of fire for performing under expectations. That situation poses quite the conflict for Pinkard in that maybe it’s just that Ayishia is new and hasn’t fully settled in yet, like Marshall expected before he opened the e-mail. Maybe the IT department is just having a rough patch with the problems recently, which could possibly be fixed with minor adjustments. But, at the same time, the IT department seems to be integrated in a lot of the bank’s functions and they feel like the runt of the bank in that they are underused and their good ideas are going to waste. Maybe it is time for the bank to give the IT department more power or place them higher up in the order of the business. All of these factors will add to why Marshall will have to gather more information and make a decision very carefully. As far as Marshall’s actions, his first should be to give Ayishia her formal list of responsibilities and authorities as soon as possible. She is the Chief Information Officer, so she should have complete control over the IT personnel and department as a whole, which she doesn’t feel like she has. Next, since the situation is pretty delicate, I would think that the best course of action for right now would be to try the small adjustments for 6 months or so, and then assess the situation again. With that said, the bank has been growing with the way it has been currently organized, and a massive overhaul could result in bad news. Clarifying Ayishia’s roles and duties will hopefully make her life easier, and I would have to see ho w the bank will react to her after she is given that information. There are several other things that could have been the root of the problems Ayishia described, and now that I am aware of them, I want a trial period to see what exactly she was talking about and how to improve those problems. When reassessing the situation, I would take into account how the work environment changes in the trial period, taking note of how Ayishia works  with other employees. I would also take into account what troubles the IT department comes into when helping other members of the bank, and whether or not those troubles are due to the information system currently in place. In general, the main thing to do would be to see how the bank runs after Ayishia feels more comfortable with her job and evaluate the company before making a decision. As far as organization of the IT Department should go, I think that President of the large local branch has a point that individual IT departments would save a lot of time and unnecessary work from corporate. However, the individual IT departments would need to be checked upon by corporate routinely and corporate should still have some controls over each department. Ayishia’s work scope would expand with making sure these departments are up to standard, but I would go with individual IT departments at each branch. However, instead of getting rid of several employees in Ayishia’s department, I would assign them all to work for the various branches and work as corporate delegates, since they are already familiar with how corporate’s system currently works. They would be the branch’s link to corporate and deal with getting what the branch needs from corporate. That way, corporate still has some control, but each IT department could meet their individual needs faster as well. Overall, Ayishia’s situation has raised a cause for concern and improvement through FMB&T bank. Ayishia’s troubles with her job will hopefully be fixed once she receives a formal copy of her responsibilities and authorities, which will be given to her immediately. Marshall Pinkard needs to handle this delicate situation carefully, since he has limited information. He needs some time to do a little trial and error to gather more information and test out making small adjustments here and there. Once Marshall has seen what he needs to see, then it is time to assess whether or not a major overhaul of the bank’s organization is actually needed. Ayishia’s e-mail will hopefully bring the company to make the improvements it needs to.

Eth-125 Week 9 Final Prject

Individual Final Project: Kristopher Freitag Race and ethnicity and understanding its differences helped me achieve a certain amount of levity with the way I interact with others. America is extremely diverse, yet have an abundance of things in common. This is shown throughout history and right outside our doors, America, where our towns and cities are filled to the brim with personalities and of difference race and ethnicity share this culture that we call American society.I have learned to put a haul to being short sited and while I learned little about my own cultural history, the most important thing is to ensure you do not ignore it. Too many people have prejudged notions and are set in their own cultural history and views, but once one looks into it, there are vastly more things one has not realized and learned. It's hard to believe going in to the class that you would be so naive and ignorant to realize how close we are to one another, and how our struggles of differences have brought us closer together.For myself a Caucasian male, there is little to learn about my ethnicity, however as my wife is Hispanic we have grown closer as I have learned more from her and her â€Å"peeps† as she calls them, than most will ever realize. Learning about your own cultural can be beneficial, however I see more benefit in knowing another's, this in turn shows a level of respect for their own history and not a complete overlook of any walks of life they may have come from. The trends in immigration in the United States are very predictable and continue to grow exponentially.Immigration growth is expected to remain high within the United States, as people love this country of ours, and will continue to move here because of its values and most important of all, its freedom. Yes, America is not perfect, but it is considered the mother country and I don't think that reputation is going away soon. People must prepare for the continuing growth of immigration by integrat ing language, culture, and other small differences into our society. This is included in our schools, businesses, television, newspapers, and other outlets.For example, there should be language translations on bus stop signs or restaurant menus, etc. The high note of this exchange of culture will be the limited about of prejudice one can claim against â€Å"the white man† as in essence will become the minorities. Ironically, I see this as a good thing, America was founded on immigrants, I see an equal parts share the most compelling idea. Having the freedom to chose your own path and religion in the United States is why we are the fastest growing nation, it is time we embraced our differences and allow them to create a new life for us.The challenge the United States faces because of its diversity are ever changing and ever growing conflicts within its very own borders. We all want something to enhance lives, some better pay, some more freedom, legalization, marriage, the dive rsity of the things we fight for are vast in and of themselves. As we move forward we will have to begin to negotiate with all of these conflict and make a peaceful resolution available to the people and their demands, otherwise we will plunge ourselves back down into a civil war, of which I am not interested in.The ironic side of this, is if we as a society, as a country, as one can stand up and say this will happen and this is how it will be, than we might just unify our differences and permits the first generation of Americans to be born into a country where we work together, not against one another. The different cultural backgrounds integrated into one community, the different experiences we may learn from each other, the possibilities are endless, but if we compare our society to those of old, the expansion of war introduced new cultures and knowledge, why cannot we do the same without the ar.By simply being civil and tolerant and respectful to one another and treating each ot her as we would want to be treated. I think rudeness is at all time high. I am reading a book The Civility Solution ; it has much superior info. I think if we educate ourselves on this subject ; share what we are learning it will spread quickly. I was in a restaurant this evening ; my waitress was at the table next to mine ; I heard her use the word CRAP. I couldn't belief she said that, she did. What would make a person say that when she is talking to people about food. So raising consciousness is the way to go.I think experience is important & when people learn from experience it is the best teacher. Many who live far out away from others are moving in to the more populated areas & that will help. When you need help & the person who helps is not in the body or from the geographical area you love you start loving them anyway. Inevitably media stereotypes are often utilized in order to provide for a specific effect, especially in the entertainment, advertising, and news industries, which need a wide curtain to attract as large an audience as possible to quickly interpret information.Stereotypes protracted in the media can have negative side effect and become problematic. They can reduce the vast range of cultural differences in people to overly simplistic categorizations and transforming assumptions about particular groups into â€Å"realities† are engaged to justify the position of those in charge and perpetuate social prejudice and inequality The cultural groups being stereotyped are not given any opportunity to influence how they are represented.This is common within the media, regardless of style, show or channel, stereotypes and some causes of stereotypical portrayals, include a lack of diversity behind the scenes. However the basis for this creation of appreciation induced by the media is not without saying, the focus aimed at minorities of all ethnicities, families, and the appreciation for freedom, this lack of anger that can be pushed into our televisions, movies, and commercials is a method of uniting Americans and their differences.Only through an acknowledgment of our differences will the prejudicial learning's and educational services be made the misinformation to be openly discussed and approached with in a way which is likely to foster change. It is clear however, that if we can't talk about these differences and problems in their portrayal, we surely can't change it. Sigmund Freud, the famous Austrian physician changed the whole face of psychology in such a dramatic way by putting forward a theory of personality that stressed on the importance of the unconscious mind.The work he completed with patients suffering from mental disabilities like hysteria led him to theorize that our early childhood as well as our unconscious thoughts and actions contribute toward the development of our personalities and overall adult behavior. Changing an entire groups prejudiced attitudes, views and beliefs and an institution's racist actions is not simply fixed overnight.Reducing our racial prejudice as a society and racism is a complex task that changes in notions from community to community, so it doesn't offer a straight-forward approach, a step by step process that can be adopted and integrated without having a complete understanding of the environment and social context. This action would require knowing your community well and being able to choose a strategy that will best fit your own community's needs, history, context, energies, and resources, as a one size fits all will not work in this matter.

Commanders of the first World War essays

Commanders of the first World War essays The war consisted of a number of commanders and yet none of them were commanders of the first rank. The first world war was the only war ever fought in which commanders lacked voice control over their armies. Communications broke down almost immediately after the troops left the trenches. Chief of the German General staff, 1906-1914, Von Molke modified the original schlieffen plan for the invasion of France. Instead of keeping the right wing of the Germans strong, Von Molke reinforced the left because he thought that the French would push through the centre of into Lorraine and create problems for German communications. The removal of two infantries and one cavalry corps from the western to the eastern fronts, made it impossible for the German army to encircle Paris. The schlieffen plan failed to meet its goals. Molke stationed himself too far behind the front line, meaning that he had little control over his field commanders. Due to these decisions Von Molke lost the first battle of the Marne in 1914. He was replaced in late 1914 by Falkenhayn. Falkenhayn was appointed Prussian war minister in 1913 and succeeded Von Molke as Chief of General Staff in September 1914. Falkenhayn disagreed with General Paul Von Hindenburg and Von Ludendorff about concentrating German efforts to defeat Russia. Instead he believed the war would be won in the west and concentrated all available forces against France and Britain. The German Chancellor, Bethman Hollweg, was highly critical of Falkenhayn's inability to achieve victory on the western front.. He lost his post as Chief of General Staff to Von Hindenburg after the failure to capture Verdun in August 1916. Falkenhayn was transferred to Palestine in July 1917. After being beaten several times by General Allenby in Palestine, Falkenhayn was replaced by General Von Sanders. His last command before retirement was in 1918 with the German Tenth Army in Lithuanian. On the outbreak of th...

Facts and Figures of Eudimorphodon

Facts and Figures of Eudimorphodon Although its not nearly as well known as Pteranodon or even Rhamphorhynchus, Eudimorphodon holds an important place in paleontology as one of the earliest identified pterosaurs: this smallish reptile hopped around the coastlines of Europe a whopping 210 million years ago, during the late Triassic period. Eudimorphodon had the wing structure (short forelimbs embedded in an extended flap of skin) characteristic of all pterosaurs, as well as a diamond-shaped appendage on the end of its tail that probably helped it to steer or to adjust its course in mid-air. Judging by the structure of its breastbone, paleontologists believe Eudimorphodon may even have had the ability to actively flap its primitive wings. (By the way, despite its name, Eudimorphodon wasnt particularly closely related to the much later Dimorphodon, beyond the fact that both were pterosaurs.) Name: Eudimorphodon (Greek for true dimorphic tooth); pronounced YOU-die-MORE-fo-don Habitat: Shores of Western Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic (210 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of two feet and a few pounds Diet: Fish, insects and possibly invertebrates Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; over 100 teeth in snout; diamond-shaped flap on end of the tail Given Eudimorphodons nameGreek for true dimorphic toothyou may surmise that its teeth have been especially diagnostic in tracking the course of pterosaur evolution, and youd be right. Although the snout of Eudimorphodon measured barely three inches long, it was packed with over a hundred teeth, punctuated by six prominent fangs at the end (four on the top jaw and two on the bottom). This dental apparatus, combined with the fact that Eudimorphodon could snap its jaws shut without any spaces between its teeth, points to a diet rich in fishone Eudimorphodon specimen has been identified bearing the fossilized remains of the prehistoric fish Parapholidophorusprobably supplemented by insects or even shelled invertebrates. One of the interesting things about Eudimorphodon is where its type species, E. ranzii, was discovered: near Bergamo, Italy, in 1973, making this one of the most notable prehistoric animals native to Italy.  A second named species of this pterosaur, E. rosenfeldi, was later promoted to its own genus, Carniadactylus, while a third, E. cromptonellus, discovered a couple of decades after E. ranzii in Greenland, was subsequently promoted to the obscure Arcticodactylus. (Confused yet? Well, then youll be glad to know that yet another Eudimorphodon specimen discovered in Italy in the 1990s, which had been tentatively classified as an individual of E. ranzii, was likewise kicked up to the newly designated genus Austriadraco in 2015.)

What is the role of Seaport Terminals in Maritime Transportation Assignment

What is the role of Seaport Terminals in Maritime Transportation - Assignment Example Port terminals are where goods are brought, loaded and unloaded and distributed to wherever they have to be sent. Seaport terminals provide service to container vessels and other sea vessels like barges and feeder vessels used in commercial fishing. Seaports serve international and global firms and have a role to play in international trade as a big bulk of world trade is transported by ship (Frankel, 1987 cited in Stevens, 1999, p. 43). Globalization has affected many world developments such as regional integration of countries like the European Union, the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the establishment of the World Trade Organization, and the homogenization of the world economy, to name a few. All these provide expansion for global firms. They expand business, and they need seaport terminals because they demand movements of goods. Global firms have the whole world as its market field that they can offer a wide array of products and services. Firms keep growing and continue to build products that have to be transported and marketed anywhere and anytime. Seaborne transportation is the cheapest means of transportation for goods that have to be transported to many parts of the world. This keeps seaports busy all throughout the year. With these facts, it can be understood that seaports have a very important role in the supply chain of businesses worldwide. This can be to fulfil business-to-business or business-to-consumer transactions. With globalization at the helm of businesses today, seaports are connecting a worldwide traffic of goods of different kinds. Supply chain management excellence is crucial for customer satisfaction, at the same time customer satisfaction is critical to customer loyalty, with loyalty being critical for profitability (Reichheld 1996 cited in Flint et al., 2008, p. 258). Supply chain has to

Intertextuality and Interpretation of Meaning Essay

Intertextuality and Interpretation of Meaning - Essay Example Linguistic and Literary Issue 2: Cultural intertextuality specifies that "a literary discourse is only approachable as a segment or concatenation of discursive segments within a network of inter-articulated discourses, and one finds Anthony's "They better don't stop the Carnival" as an apparent illustration of cultural intertextuality in literary discourse. (Lucy and Niall, 337) Linguistic and Literary Issue 3: Literary intertextuality, which is analysable within cultural intertextuality, stipulates that "a literary discourse establishes horizontal (syntagmatic) relationships with the global discourse of literature in its own language and with literary discourse in other languages; and vertical (paradigmatic) relationships with the ensemble of discoursecomposing a culture spatially and temporally determined." (Lucy and Niall, 337) Linguistic and Literary Issue 4: Michael Anthony's "They better don't stop the Carnival," one of the best Caribbean and post-colonial short stories, illustrates the link between intertextuality - both cultural and literary - and literary discourse, and an intertextual reading of the story offers the most essential meaning of the literary text. From a semio

Statement of Purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Statement of Purpose - Essay Example This dream has therefore fostered me to apply for the graduate school (school of engineering) engineering management, project and system engineering management. Engineering Management is a specialized form of management and engineering. It is mostly concerned with the application of engineering principles to business practice. Engineering managers ensure that engineers use their engineering skills to design and provide high quality products and services. My obsession with management started just after I had cleared high school. In the summer of 2008, I had a chance of working as a marketing strategist at Gardeniya Ladies Center in Alkhobar Saudi Arabia. Specifically, I dealt with customer relations and I was a receptionist. While working here, I managed social media presence, developed promotions and packages for customers and handled customers complaints and disputes. In the year 2009, I partially worked as a market strategist at Cupcake Girls in Alkhobar Saudi Arabia. I was the marketing assistant and assisted in preparations of orders and clientele, handled financial and advertising organizations and prepared for upcoming events and festivities. I have been active in many other activities such as Student volunteer- Children with Down Syndrome Center (Alkhobar Saudia Arabia, 2009) and Managed social media presence for campaigns and managed gathering donations. This has made me feel that my passion lies in the leadership and management and I believe that if one does what they love, chances are that they will become very successful. In the selecting of the Catholic University at Washington DC, I have been influenced by the way your engineering management program addresses issues such as planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources, procedures and protocols. I am fluent in Arabic and English and I have been talking to a friend who has studied in this University and it has come to my understanding that the

Literature Review on Recruitment and Selection Process

Literature Review on Recruitment and Selection Process Employee selection is the process of collecting and evaluating information about an individual in order to extend an offer of employment (R.D. Gate wood and H.S. Field) Employee selection is part of the overall staffing process of the organization, which also includes human resource (HR) planning, recruitment, and retention activities. By doing human resource planning, the organization projects its likely demand for personnel with particular knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), and compares that to the anticipated availability of such personnel in the internal or external labour markets. During the recruitment phase of staffing, the organization attempts to establish contact with potential job applicants by job postings within the organization, advertising to attract external applicants, employee referrals, and many other methods, depending on the type of organization and the nature of the job in question. Employee selection begins when a pool of applicants is generated by the or ganizations recruitment efforts. During the employee selection process, a firm decides which of the recruited candidates will be offered a position. Effective employee selection is a critical component of a successful organization. How employees perform their jobs is a major factor in determining how successful an organization will be. Job performance is essentially determined by the ability of an individual to do a particular job and the effort the individual is willing to put forth in performing the job. Through effective selection, the organization can maximize the probability that its new employees will have the necessary KSAs to do the jobs they were hired to do. Thus, employee selection is one of the two major ways (along with orientation and training) to make sure that new employees have the abilities required to do their jobs. It also provides the base for other HR practices-such as effective job design, goal setting, and compensation-that motivate workers to exert the effort needed to do their jobs effectively, according to Gatewood and Field. Job applicants differ along many dimensions, such as educational and work experience, personality characteristics, and innate ability and motivation levels. The logic of employee selection begins with the assumption that at least some of these individual differences are relevant to a persons suitability for a particular job. Thus, in employee selection the organization must: Determine the relevant individual differences (KSAs) needed to do the job and Identify and utilize selection methods that will reliably and validly assess the extent to which job applicants possess the needed KSAs. The organization must achieve these tasks in a way that does not illegally discriminate against any job applicants on the basis of race, colour, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or veterans status. An Overview of the Selection process: Employee selection is itself a process consisting of several important stages, as shown in Exhibit 1. Since the organization must determine the individual KSAs needed to perform a job, the selection process begins with job analysis, which is the systematic study of the content of jobs in an organization. Effective job analysis tells the organization what people occupying particular jobs do in the course of performing their jobs. It also helps the organization determine the major duties and responsibilities of the job, as well as aspects of the job that are of minor or tangential importance to job performance. The job analysis often results in a document called the job description, which is a comprehensive document that details the duties, responsibilities, and tasks that make up a job. Because job analysis can be complex, time-consuming, and expensive, standardized job descriptions have been developed that can be adapted to thousands of jobs in organizations across the world. Two exa mples of such databases are the U.S. governments Standard Occupational Classification (SOC), which has information on at least 821 occupations, and the Occupational Information Network, which is also known as O*NET. O*NET provides job descriptions for thousands of jobs. An understanding of the content of a job assists an organization in specifying the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to do the job. These KSAs can be expressed in terms of a job specification, which is an 2.2 Main Responsibilities of HRM 2.2.1 Getting the Best Employees Workforce planning Specifying Jobs and Roles Recruiting Outsourcing Screening Applicants Staffing Selecting (Hiring) New Employees. 2.2.1.1 Workforce planning a) Objective of Workforce Planning Workforce planning is one of the most important activities in any organisation. It starts with analysis of the strategic position of the business. The results of this analysis then feed into a forecast of the required demand for labour by the organisation and how this is likely to be supplied. The final stage involves the creation and implementation of a human resources plan which aims to deliver the right number of the right people for the Organisation. b) Strategy for workforce plan The strategic position and requirement of the organisation have the most important influence on workforce planning: Organisation objectives and scope of activities: what are the objectives of the organisation? What products are to be sold, in which markets; using what kind of distribution? Organisation location where is the organisation located? How are the various business units, divisions, functions distributed across the various locations? What specialist skills are essential in each location? What are the workforce implications of decisions on organisation location? Labour environment: what is happening to the size of the labour force? What key population and employment trends (e.g. the increasing numbers of people working on temporary or short-term contracts) affect the ability of the business to recruit staff? What provision needs to be made for employee pension; what employment legislation Timetables to what extent does the strategic needs of the business require short-term changes in the workforce or can change be achieved over a longer period. For example, are new retailing or distribution locations to be opened in the next 12 months that require staff? c) Forecasting Workforce Demand Putting a good Human Resources plan together requires an organisation to make a reasonably accurate forecast of workforce size. Key factors to consider in this forecast are: Demand for existing and new products/projects Organisation disposals and product closures Introduction of new technology (e.g. new production equipment) Cost reduction programmes (most usually involve a reduction in staff numbers somewhere within the business) Changes to the business organisational structure Business acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic partnerships Forecasting Workforce Supply The starting point for estimating supply is the existing workforce: an Organisation should take account of: Scheduled changes to the composition of the existing workforce (e.g. promotions; job rotation) Normal loss of workforce e.g. through retirement, normal labour turnover Potential exceptional factors e.g. actions of competitors that create problems of staff retention By comparing the forecast workforce demand and supply it is possible to compile a forecast of net workforce size. This then needs to be compared with the strategic requirements for the organisation. The result is the workforce gap (which is a forecast of too few or too many workers). The role of HRM is to close the gap! HRM Policies to Close the Workforce Gap The key HRM activities to manage the workforce gap comprise: Recruitment plans (how many people, where, what type, how) Training plans Redundancy plans Staff Retention Plans (how the business intends to keep the staff it wants to retain) 2.2.1.2 Specifying jobs and roles This phenomenon includes two processes; Job specification Job description Job Specification Derived from job analysis, it is a statement of employee characteristics and qualifications required for satisfactory performance of defined duties and tasks comprising a specific job or function. A job specification describes the knowledge, skills, education, experience, and abilities organisation believes are essential to performing a particular job. The job specification is developed from the job analysis. A job specification cuts to the quick with organisation requirements whereas the job description defines the duties and requirements of an employees job in detail. The job specification provides detailed characteristics, knowledge, education, skills, and experience needed to perform the job, with an overview of the specific job requirements. Job Description Job descriptions are essential. Job descriptions are required for recruitment so that organisation and the applicants can understand the role. Job descriptions are necessary for all people in the organisation. A job description defines a persons role and accountability. Without a job description it is not possible for a person to properly commit to, or be held accountable for, a role. Smaller organisations commonly require staff and managers to cover a wider or more mixed range of responsibilities than in larger organisations (for example, the office manager role can comprise financial, HR, stock-control, scheduling and other duties). Therefore in smaller organisations, job descriptions might necessarily contain a greater number of listed responsibilities, perhaps 15-16. However, whatever the circumstances, the number of responsibilities should not exceed this, or the job description becomes unwieldy and ineffective. Some feature in most job descriptions are as following; communicating ( How to communicate with upper and lower level of management from his/her level) Panning and organising. Managing information and general administration support. Monitoring and reporting. Financial budgeting and control Producing things. Maintaining and repairing. Quality control. Health and safety. Using equipment and system. Developing and creating things. Importance of Job Description: Job descriptions improve an organisations ability to manage people and roles in the following ways: Clarifies organisation expectations for employees. Provides basis of measuring job performance Provides clear description of role for job candidates Provides a structure and discipline for company to understand and structure all jobs and ensure necessary activities, duties and responsibilities are covered by one job or another Provides continuity of role parameters irrespective of manager interpretation Enables pay and grading systems to be structured fairly and logically Prevents arbitrary interpretation of role content and limit by employee and employer and manager Essential reference tool in issues of employee/employer dispute Essential reference tool for discipline issues Provides important reference points for training and development areas Provides neutral and objective reference points for appraisals, performance reviews and counselling Enables formulation of skill set and behaviour set requirements per role Enables organisation to structure and manage roles in a uniform way, thus increasing efficiency and effectiveness of recruitment, training and development, organisational structure, work flow and activities, customer service, etc Enables factual view (as opposed to instinctual) to be taken by employees and managers in career progression and succession planning Job Description Components: Job Title Based at (Business Unit, Section if applicable) Position reports to (Line Manager title, location, and Functional Manager, location if matrix management structure) Job Purpose Summary (ideally one sentence) Key Responsibilities and Accountabilities, (or Duties. 8-15 numbered points) Dimensions/Territory/Scope/Scale indicators (the areas to which responsibilities extend and the scale of responsibilities staff, customers, territory, products, equipment, premises, etc) Date and other relevant internal references Hiring: Organisation basically has two main resources to get Human resources Internal Promotion Recruitment Outsourcing Internal Promotions: In this scenario existing employees of the organisation are promoted to fill the required place in the organisation. Recruitment: In this case organisation takes new employees in the organisation to fill the vacant places. Outsourcing: Outsourcing refers to a company those contracts with another company to provide services. Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment is the process of identifying that the organisation needs to employ someone up to the point at which application forms for the post have arrived at the organisation. Employee selection is the process of collecting and evaluating information about an individual in order to extend an offer of employment (R.D. Gate wood and H.S. Field) Employee selection is part of the overall staffing process of the organization, which also includes human resource (HR) planning, recruitment, and retention activities. By doing human resource planning, the organization projects its likely demand for personnel with particular knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), and compares that to the anticipated availability of such personnel in the internal or external labour markets. During the recruitment phase of staffing, the organization attempts to establish contact with potential job applicants by job postings within the organization, advertising to attract external applicants, employee referrals, and many other methods, depending on the type of organization and the nature of the job in question. Employee selection begins when a pool of applicants is generated by the or ganizations recruitment efforts. During the employee selection process, a firm decides which of the recruited candidates will be offered a position. Effective employee selection is a critical component of a successful organization. How employees perform their jobs is a major factor in determining how successful an organization will be. Job performance is essentially determined by the ability of an individual to do a particular job and the effort the individual is willing to put forth in performing the job. Through effective selection, the organization can maximize the probability that its new employees will have the necessary KSAs to do the jobs they were hired to do. Thus, employee selection is one of the two major ways (along with orientation and training) to make sure that new employees have the abilities required to do their jobs. It also provides the base for other HR practices-such as effective job design, goal setting, and compensation-that motivate workers to exert the effort needed to do their jobs effectively. Gate wood and Field. Organisational document that details what is required to successfully perform a given job. The necessary KSAs are called job requirements, which is simply means they are thought to be necessary to perform the job. Job requirements are expressed in terms of desired education or training, work experience, specific aptitudes or abilities, and in many other ways. Care must be taken to ensure that the job requirements are based on the actual duties and responsibilities of the job and that they do not include irrelevant requirements that may discriminate against some applicants. For example, many organizations have revamped their job descriptions and specifications in the years since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act to ensure that these documents contain only job-relevant content. Validity of selection methods Validity refers to the quality of a measure that exists when the measure assesses a construct. In the selection context, validity refers to the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and usefulness of the inferences made about applicants during the selection process. It is concerned with the issue of whether applicants will actually perform the job as well as expected based on the inferences made during the selection process. The closer the applicants actual job performances match their expected performances, the greater the validity of the selection process. Selection methods A Organisation should use selection methods that reliably and accurately measure the needed qualifications. The reliability of a measure refers to its consistency. It is defined as the degree of self-consistency among the scores earned by an individual. Reliable evaluations are consistent across both people and time. Reliability is maximized when two people evaluating the same candidate provide the same ratings, and when the ratings of a candidate taken at two different times are the same. When selection scores are unreliable, their validity is diminished. Some of the factors affecting the reliability of selection measures are: Emotional and physical state of the candidate. Reliability suffers if candidates are particularly nervous during the assessment process. Lack of rapport with the administrator of the measure. Reliability suffers if candidates are turned off by the interviewer and thus do not show their stuff during the interview. Inadequate knowledge of how to respond to a measure. Reliability suffers if candidates are asked questions that are vague or confusing. Individual differences among respondents. If the range or differences in scores on the attribute measured by a selection device is large, that means the device can reliably distinguish among people. Question difficulty. Questions of moderate difficulty produce the most reliable measures. If questions are too easy, many applicants will give the correct answer and individual differences are lessened; if questions are too difficult, few applicants will give the correct answer and, again, individual differences are lessened. Length of measure. As the length of a measure increases, its reliability also increases. For example, an interviewer can better gauge an applicants level of interpersonal skills by asking several questions, rather than just one or two. Up to this point, our discussion has assumed that an employer needs to validate each of its: Studies summarizing a selection measures validity for similar jobs in other settings. Data showing the similarity between the jobs for which the validity evidence is reported and the job in the new employment setting. Data showing the similarity between the selection measures in the other studies composing the validity evidence and those measures to be used in the new employment setting. Making final selection: The extensiveness and complexity of selection processes vary greatly depending on factors such as the nature of the job, the number of applicants for each opening, and the size of the organization. A typical way of applying selection methods to a large number of applicants for a job requiring relatively high levels of KSAs would be the following: Use application blanks, resumes, and short interviews to determine which job applicants meet the minimum requirements for the job. If the number of applicants is not too large, the information provided by applicants can be verified with reference and/or background checks. Use extensive interviews and appropriate testing to determine which of the minimally qualified job candidates have the highest degree of the KSAs required by the job. Make contingent offers to one or more job finalists as identified by Step 2. Job offers may be contingent upon successful completion of a drug test or other forms of back-ground checks. General medical exams can only be given after a contingent offer is given.

Renting A House :: essays research papers

Communicating with people from other countries often makes me bother, and it happens when I am totally not expected about. This is not the first visit to the other country, but talking non-native language in non-native country is quite different from the long time study in my country. Especially, when we face some special occasion, like renting a room, it is very hard to negotiate with people. Renting a room is not a thing I am familiar with even in Japan. One day on July, one rumor among Japanese students became true, that not all of us can have a room in dormitory even if one send request in this April. My friend received a mail from UNR, which said that he could not have a room next semester. My friend and I were just shocked and on that day we started looking for a room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important thing to do when we want to find a nice room, I thought, was that to correct as much information as I can. Therefore, what I did at first is to check every public board not to miss any information that says, ?gRoommates wanted?h,?h Room for Rent?h or ?gHouse for rent?h. I searched the board in Business Building, EJCH, JTSU, and Main library. However, I could not many of them and if luckily I found these were not so cheap or too far from UNR. Then I started to search the room list at Student Residency Service office. There I found one room five minutes from school on foot. I went back to the dorm I live now in a hurry and called, it was my first phone call to person from other country. The call rang, but no one answer. I waited for a while, then the massage started saying ?hThis number is no longer valid?cplease call XXX-XXXX?h. A short tense atmosphere ended, and I felt relieved. I called the new number, but I could not talk to anyone. After a while, I received new information of vacant room very near from a school. When I was writing e-mail, one of my roommates backed home. He was going to pay a deposit of the room and he told me that the house has some more vacant room available. We went to see the room. There were two vacant rooms; one was on the basement another was on the first floor. Renting A House :: essays research papers Communicating with people from other countries often makes me bother, and it happens when I am totally not expected about. This is not the first visit to the other country, but talking non-native language in non-native country is quite different from the long time study in my country. Especially, when we face some special occasion, like renting a room, it is very hard to negotiate with people. Renting a room is not a thing I am familiar with even in Japan. One day on July, one rumor among Japanese students became true, that not all of us can have a room in dormitory even if one send request in this April. My friend received a mail from UNR, which said that he could not have a room next semester. My friend and I were just shocked and on that day we started looking for a room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important thing to do when we want to find a nice room, I thought, was that to correct as much information as I can. Therefore, what I did at first is to check every public board not to miss any information that says, ?gRoommates wanted?h,?h Room for Rent?h or ?gHouse for rent?h. I searched the board in Business Building, EJCH, JTSU, and Main library. However, I could not many of them and if luckily I found these were not so cheap or too far from UNR. Then I started to search the room list at Student Residency Service office. There I found one room five minutes from school on foot. I went back to the dorm I live now in a hurry and called, it was my first phone call to person from other country. The call rang, but no one answer. I waited for a while, then the massage started saying ?hThis number is no longer valid?cplease call XXX-XXXX?h. A short tense atmosphere ended, and I felt relieved. I called the new number, but I could not talk to anyone. After a while, I received new information of vacant room very near from a school. When I was writing e-mail, one of my roommates backed home. He was going to pay a deposit of the room and he told me that the house has some more vacant room available. We went to see the room. There were two vacant rooms; one was on the basement another was on the first floor.

Jane Austen’s Use of Irony in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Irony is the art of expressing two meanings simultaneously; the obvious surface meaning the majority will regard as the only meaning and on a deeper profounder meaning which lies behind the obvious. The tension created by this ambivalence can be and has been put to a variety of uses. Ironies abound in Shakespeare, so do they in Dryden and Poe.Shakespeare employs them to underscore the tragic plight of a man, while Dryden and Pope use them to mock at human follies and foibles.among the forty eight writings, Fanny urney’s ‘Cecilia’,’Comilla’ and other novels are based on quiet but incisive irony. Thomas Love Peacocks â€Å"Headlong Hall†, â€Å"Nightmare Abbey’,†Maid Marian† and so on are the vehicles of attacks on the cranks and the fads of his day.but very few writers have exploited all possible resources of irony as Jane Austen.It may not be an exaggeration to say that Jane Austen is nothing if not ironical.Irony is her very forte;it is in fact the very soul of her art. Pride and Prejudice, for instance, is steeped in irony.To put it in other words, it is an artistic blend of ironic  and dramatic design.almost everything in this novel, be it related to the context or to the style, points to an  ironic contrast between ‘appearance’ and ‘reality’.it is the complex handling of â€Å"First Impressions† that  lends to Austen’s irony. Perhaps the opening sentence of the book offers the aptest illustration of irony.It states that â€Å"‘a single man  in possesion of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† and claims that â€Å"it is truth universally acknowledged.† But as the story unfolds itself we learn that â€Å"universal truth lies† in the opposite direction.Mrs Bennet’s concern for getting her daughters gainfully husbanded constitutes the basic theme of Pride and Prejudice. In an essay Reuben Brower writes: † In analysing the ironies and assumptions, we shall see how intensely the dialogue is, dramatic in the sense of defining the characters through the way they speak and are spoken about.† The confusion that even very intelligent people are capable of making between the apparent and the inherent is initially drawn towards Wickham mainly because of his external graces and Darcy’s first reaction to Elizabeth is that of repulsion simply because to quote Darcy, she is â€Å"not handsome enough to tempt† him. The situations——at least a good number of them —–in Pride and Prejudice. are also very ironical. Darcy’s first proposal to Elizabeth is made exactly at the moment when Elizabeth hates him most.When Darcy proposes to her she simply rejects him and blames him for separating Jane from Bingley;She further accuses him of his abominable treatment of Wickham.She tells harshly—-‘..my opinion of you was decided.Your character is unfolded in the recital which I received from Mr.Wickham†¦can you defend yourself?’ Later on Darcy changes,and happily, the changes are mostly for the better. The changed Darcy does not feel shy of confessing : † I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle.†Once Darcy has been humbled,Austen turns her irony on Elizabeth.She shows that Elizabeth in resentment of Darcy’s conscious superiority, has exaggerated his faults and failed to see that there is much goodness in him.then again. Lydia’s elopement with Wickham, which Elizabeth fears shall spoil her prospects of marriage with Dercy, strangely enough brightens the same.similarly, Lady Catherine’s attempts to prevent this  marriage succeeds in only hastening it. All these clearly spells out Austen’s attitude towards life.She knows that human nature and human situations are often too incongruous and contradictory.But she does not deride this aberrations with the cruelty of a Dryden or a Pope,her irony is always gentle and sympathetic.she uses it mainly in order to raise a hearty laughter.This, however is not to suggest that her comic is not rooted in any sense of responsibility. She has very certainly a distinct moral purpose of her own. She will not only expose the antithesis between sense and nonsense,she will at the same time state her preferences in unmistakable terms.needless to say she casts her vote in favour of sense.there is pride in life as also there is prjudice; but life, in order to be ideally lived needs to be a combination of both..Darcy has to stoop to conquer his pride before he becomes worthy to be happy and Elizabeth has to get over her prejudice in order to enter into a life of bliss. It is this moral vision that spells itself out in course of the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, though Austen’s irony plays the all pervasive; yet it never allows this vision to attain the abominable portions of any kind of didactism.indeed, it may be said that one of the greatest charms of this novel is derived from the gentle â€Å"tongue in the cheek† way of describing people and situations.For this Jane Austen’s tales offer a rippling sense of pleasure to her readers.

Fat Tax is the Best Possible Solution to Fight Growing Obesity and Depression Essay

The increase in the consumption of junk food across the globe has been causing serious concern to all who are aware of its negative effects, such as obesity and depression, which are considered as the initiator of many serious diseases like heart disease. While the research findings have clearly linked junk food with the rising rate of heart disease among teenagers (Cohen, 2000) nearly a decade ago, the business of junk food is only increasing and now it has become a craze among teenagers and is getting into their eating habits, which would be hard to break in later years. Another recent study in US has linked childhood obesity to junk food advertising (Sharma, 2008), which too seems to be a matter of serious concern, as a large number of TV viewers are either children or teenagers. There are many other studies too that clinically explain about how obesity and depression caused by eating junk food, and there are organizations too, which are working towards attracting the attention of all regarding the negative effects of junk food. However, in spite of all that, the business of junk food is only increasing in volumes, and consequently, countless children and teenagers, who are the future governors of the society are becoming victims of obesity and depression due to excessive consumption of junk-food. Therefore the gravity of the situation is definitely no less than the danger associated with smoking or drinking, which are officially considered as â€Å"injurious to health† and whose producers have to pay taxes. There is another philosophy works behind it – that high price of cigarette or other tobacco products or liquors would keep them beyond the buying power of the children who generally use their pocket money for fancy spending. However, there is no such price regulation in the business of junk-food, and children can easily afford them with their pocket money. This situation invariably invokes the arguments like why fat tax should not be imposed on junk food to regulate its consumption among all, especially among children, or if cigarette and liquor are considered dangerous to health and are kept under taxation, then why junk-food too should not be treated with same alacrity, as it is proving no less dangerous than tobacco and alcohol? Therefore, the gravity of the situation has influenced this study to examine the impact of junk food on the humans, and especially on the children and teenagers by reviewing the study and observations of the researchers on obesity and depression, before persuading its readers to raise their voices in favor of introducing fat tax on junk food for the sake of saving the future of human civilization. Impact of Obesity Obesity can cause several diseases, which can be fatal, besides being barrier to normal, healthy life. The risk factors associated with it don’t even spare children or teenagers, and that makes obesity as a dangerous carrier of diseases. According to the researchers Visscher and Seidell (2001), the increase in obesity across the globe will have significant contribution in the following diseases:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cardiovascular disease  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Type 2 diabetes mellitus  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cancer  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Osteoarthritis  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Disability  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sleep apnea Alongside they issue caution that â€Å"disability due to obesity-related cardiovascular diseases will increase along with an increase in disabling nephropathy, arteriosclerosis, neuropathy, and retinopathy particularly in industrialized countries.† They also observe that prevention programs on obesity would be effective than weight loss program, while adding that there is very few prevention programs have been developed so far and implementation of more such programs should be one of the major scientific and political agendas among both industrialized and industrializing countries. Connection between Junk Food and Obesity It would be even more frustrating if someone reviews the role of junk food in developing obesity amid such observations and recommendations of the researchers. The researchers at the Pacific Health Education Center in Bakersfield, California, and Prevention Concepts, Inc., in Los Angeles, who evaluated the dietary habits and cardiac risk profiles of above 200 high school students in as early as 2000, provided a gloomy picture about the state of health of the then children, where one-third of them showed abnormally high cholesterol levels and one in 10 students were found suffering from systolic hypertension, which is a form of high blood pressure (Cohen, 2000). Not only that, the report issued alarm on the possible rise of heart disease among the teenagers with thickening artery walls. The researchers also identified two causes behind the increase in the trend of forming eating habits with junk food, like teen attitudes and lack of government funding to counter attack the powerful advertising campaign of junk food, which heavily influences the attitudes of children and the teens. The current research on the effect of junk-food advertising on children and teenagers (Sharma, 2008) not only supports the earlier works on this field, but also directly links advertising to childhood obesity. In a study conducted by National Bureau of Economic Research clearly show a link between childhood obesity and fast food advertisements aired on American TV world. This inference is backed by the data found on the television habits of around 13,000 children through two national surveys conducted in 1979 and in 1997. The study also found that the ban on such advertisement would lower the number of obese children (belonging to 3-11 year age group) and teenagers (belonging to 12-18 years group) by 18 percent and 14 percent respectively. They study also reveals the bad news like 22 million children under age of five are estimated to be overweight and more than 9 million children in US are overweight, 25 percent American children below 10 years have high cholesterol and high blood pressure, along with other precursors of heart disease. However, it also presents good news that the countries like Sweden, Norway, Finland and UK have already banned junk-food advertisements in their televisions. This shows, that a general awareness regarding the deadly effects of junk food has been spreading.