Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor

Hostile to malignant growth Drug Targeting AFR Receptor Results 1a 1b Figure 1 Cell practicality information dependent on the utilization of the XTT test Two diverse lung tumor cell lines were tried: one communicating the transformed AFR receptor (blue line) and one that communicates wild-type AFR (orange line). Figure 1a spoke to AFR lung malignant growth cell line with Drug X and figure1b spoke to AFR lung disease cell line with medicate Y. Cells were seeded in wells of a 96 well plate at 3 x 10*4 cells/a long time before treatment with the medications at the demonstrated focuses for 72 hours (triplicate tests at every fixation). XTT test reagent was then added to the wells and the absorbance estimated at 450 nm. Control wells (no cells) contained medium yet no cells. The Cell Proliferation XTT examine is a colorimetric measure for the nonradioactive investigation of cell multiplication, feasibility, evaluation of cytotoxic and cytostatic mixes like anticancer medications and pharmaceutical mixes, assessment of development inhibitory antibodies and physiological go betweens that ready to repress cell development (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016). Test is follower or suspension which refined in 96-well microplates. An anecdotal receptor (AFR) was focused by hostile to disease medication to repress the changed AFR work, causing an enemy of proliferative impact and even cell demise. XTT ((2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)- 2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)) test was utilized to quantify cell practicality in the two distinctive lung tumor cell lines, one communicating the transformed AFR receptor (AFR mut) and one that communicates wild-type (AFR wt). Medication Y was seen to thwart malignant growth cell development portion conditionally (Figure 1). The mea sure of watched absorbance increments with cell number and brooding time for 72hours when a most extreme absorbance level is reached. The plot of the XTT examine information ought to make a bend with a straight part. This region shows the most elevated affectability to changes delivered by the test boundaries. Building up the XTT test information for treatment of AFR changed and AFR wild-type lung malignancy cell line with medicate X from 0nm to 1600nm (Figure 1a), It was shown that the cell practicality of transformed AFR expanded impressively from 1.1 to 1.3 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm and afterward turned out to be consistent at roughly 1.4 from 800nm to 1600nm. Contrasted and the wild sort of AFR (Figure1a), the pattern of the line was like the changed one however the cell feasibility was first rised from 0.9 to 1.2 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm lastly displayed lost linearity when more noteworthy than 800nm. The lung malignant growth cell line with tranquilize X spoke to a cell multiplication examine in light of the fact that the absorbance estimations of the changed one were more prominent than control conditions, speaking to an expansion in cell expansion and suitability. Then again, examining the XTT measure information for treatment of AFR transformed and AFR wild-type lung malignancy cell line with sedate Y from 0nm to 1600nm, It was shown that the cell suitability of changed AFR began at about 1.1 from 0nm to 50nm and afterward happened a sensational drop from 1.1 to 0.1 between 50nm to 400nm lastly lied on 0.03 at 1600nm (Figure1b). Contrasted and the wild kind of AFR (Figure1b), the line was additionally diminishing however indicated a totally extraordinary pattern. The cell reasonability diminished from 0.89 to 0.88 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm steadily and afterward showed a huge drop when more prominent than 800nm lastly lied on 0.8 of 1600nm. The lung disease cell line with medicate Y spoke to a cell apoptosis measure as the absorbance esteems were lower than control conditions, indicating a decline in cell expansion and came about because of cell putrefaction or apoptosis. From the information investigation, sedate Y was effectively tried to restrain the capacity of transformed AFR which have an enemy of proliferativ e impact to cause cell passing and medication Y could be advanced for additional testing. Figure 2 Flow cytometry apoptosis information: Annexin V - FITC (x pivot) and propidium iodide (Y hub) Â â The proapoptotic impact of medication X and Y. The AFRmut cell line was treated with each medication at a grouping of 800 nM for 24 hours. The cells were collected, resuspended in cradle and afterward rewarded with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Cytograms of annexin-V-FITC official against PI take-up show three populaces: (I) suitable cells (low FITC and low PI signal) in entryway Lower Left; (ii) early apoptotic cells (high FITC and low PI signal) in door Lower Right and (iii) cells that lost film uprightness which brings about late apoptosis (high FITC and high PI signal) in entryway Upper Right. The level of cell passing increments in the tumor malignancy cell line of medication Y, as exhibited by fuse of Annexin V. The hindrance of cell multiplication brought about by AFRmut was identified with the apoptosis acceptance. Apoptosis is modified as cell passing which is significant being developed, in ordinary capacity of specific tissues and in the reaction to the harm. Apoptosis includes occasions which brings about the obliteration of cell. Annexin V - FITC is a protein that ties to phosphotidylserine which can be named and used to identify apoptotic cells. The stream cytometry apoptosis information was plotted on a speck plot and the lower left was spoken to the practical cells while the upper right and the lower right were spoken to the dead cells and the apoptotic cells separately. From the apoptosis information (Figure2), it was seen that the untreated condition indicated 77% practical cells and 21% of apoptotic impact. When AFRmut was treated with sedate X, the reasonable cells were expanded by 19% and the apoptotic impact was to a great extent diminished to 3%. Conversely, the fuse with tranquilize Y lead to impressive enemy of proliferative impact where 58% of apoptotic cells were watched and practical cells just stayed as 40%. Identified with the acceptance of customized cell passing, most of cells from the two tumor cell lines were alive upon bearer treatment, the utilization of AFRmut lead to the passageway of these cells into apoptosis with fuse of Annexin V. The treatment of medication Y demonstrated a huge apoptotic impact than the medication X, which can possibly repress the capacity of transformed AFR and results in hostile to proliferative impact. Figure 3 Flow cytometry cell cycle information: x-pivot shows propidium iodide fluorescence and y-hub shows the quantity of cells The AFRmut cell line was treated with medicate X and Y at a convergence of 800 nM for 24 hours and afterward fixed with ethanol and recolored with propidium iodide before examination in a stream cytometer. Rewarding with sedate Y demonstrated no cells in G2/M stage. The hindrance of cell expansion actuated by AFRmut was associated with cell cycle which was assessed with propidium iodide by stream cytometry. Cell cycle showed the cell movement through a division cycle which bring about cell development and partition into two girl cells. Live cell perception of cell DNA and appropriation of cell cycle are significant to manage apoptosis, and furthermore the tumor conduct and silencer quality frameworks. Cells would be appropriated into three periods of cell cycle: G0/G1 stage (2N), S stage (DNA union with different DNA), and G2/M stage (4N) to distinguish apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content desirablyã‚â (Krishnakumar R, Kraus W ,2010). Propidium iodide fluorescence was required stuck these activities to sticky situation DNA. From the stream cytometry results by histogram (figure 3), the untreated condition indicated 42% of cells in G0/G1 stage while 31% in S stage and 27% in G2/M stage. At the point when the AFRmut was treated with medicate X, the cell number in G1 stage dropped by 7% while there was increment of 6% in S Phase. DNA replication happens all the more viably during S stage. Tumor cells with a higher extent of cells in S stage as tumors were growed quicker and progressively forceful in that stage so tranquilize X incited multiplication of transformed AFR. In any case, the expansion of medication Y caused successful enemy of multiplication impact by expanding the cell numbers in G1 stage from 42% to 86% since the cell has left the cycle and has quit partitioning. There was increment in the cell numbers and develop in size. The lessening from 31% to 14% for S stage demonstrated the inadequate DNA replication. Also, there was no cells seen in G2/M stage when rewarded with sedate Y which spoke to the expanding quantities of apoptotic cells and the G2/M stage capture, which bombed the mitosis movement. Conversation Medication Y can be a compelling anticancer medication which targets transformed AFR and hinder its capacity to lead an enemy of proliferative impact. In the current investigation, two lung tumor cell lines, changed AFR receptor (AFRmut) and wild-type AFR (AFRwt), Drug Y was discovered that it could restrain the development of the AFR in vitro. The IC50 estimations of AFRmut and AFRwt were with a similar scope of 450nm. Furthermore, the cell cycle uncovered that Drug Y captured changed AFR at S stage and G2/M stage. Moreover, the information exhibited that Drug Y instigated apoptosis in the instrument surveyed by 3 distinct strategies: cell feasibility examine, apoptosis measure and the cell pattern of stream cytometry. Taken together, these outcomes propose that the inhibitory impact of Drug Y on cell expansion in changed AFR is interceded through acceptance of cell cycle capture and apoptotic cell demise. The constraint is the stream cytometry are just approve the overall bounties of cell cycle stages contrasted with another (Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002). These activities can be analyzed by assessing an arrange test of cells with mitotic inhibitor like nocodazole or G1/S inhibitor like aphidicolin. As these medications build up a common capture in M-stage or early S-stage as needs be, tolerably multiplying cells will assemble at the medication construed capture area. For example, cells captured in G1 BY pRB articulation will remain in G1 stage paying little mind to nocodazole treatment in any event, managing cells will collect in M-phase[13] By and large, the information showed sedate Y can build up an enemy of disease tranquilize that objectives a receptor called AFR (A Fiction

Leonardo Da Vinci greatest painter Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci most prominent painter Essay Leonardo Dad Vinci (1452-1519) was perhaps the best craftsman of the Italian Renaissance, and the best examination researcher of his age. Leonardo Dad Vinci was a painter, stone worker, planner, performer, and pundit. He is a main light of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo Dad Vinci influenced society in a magnificent manner. Leonardo Dad Vinci made headways in innovation and clinical. He likewise changed the manner in which individuals took a gander at the body. Leonardo Dad Vinci was conceived on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. He was conceived with only one parent present, to Seer Piper father Vinci, an unmistakable public accountant and a nearby worker lady, We will compose a custom paper on Leonardo Da Vinci most noteworthy painter explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Cooking. He was raised by his dad and stepmothers. Leonardo Dad Vinci was understudy to Veronica. Veronica was an Italian stone carver and painter just as a goldsmith. He was a brilliant coach for Leonardo Dad Vinci. Leonardo recorded his cherished memory in his note pads. He wanted to record his recollections in a note pad. Leonardo spent a lot of his youth outside watching nature and conceivably portraying it also. Leonardo was an ill-conceived kid and that affected his self-awareness. Leonardo father was viewed as white collar class and as Leonardo being unwanted kid he could always be unable to go to a college or even turns into a legal official like his dad. Leonardo mother before long left him to be with her genuine youngsters. Despite the fact that he lived with his dad, his dad went through a large portion of his days with his uncle Francesco, watching out for animals and investigating farmland. He watched the nature and scene that he grew up later to portray. Leonardo first fine art as a Leonardo early work started when he painted with his coach Veronica. In the backtalk a portion of his significant was the Virgin of the Rocks. Two of the three artistic creations were never completed in this timeframe. Leonardo went to Milan and finished some work. He finished the Madonna of the Rocks, in his initial years. The Last Supper, was one of the most well known compositions on the planet. Leonardo Dad Vinci made The Last Supper painting during the time he should make a silver lyre, and carry it to the Duke of Milan as a motion of harmony. It shows Leonardo astounding information on life structures and point of view. Leonardo Dad Vines work contained ethereal quality. He accomplished this by mixing light and shadow. Shading wasnt that essential to him as volume might have been. He finished this assignment through light and shade. The Last Supper speaks to the last feast Jesus imparted to his followers. The Mona Lisa was totally Leonardo Dad Vines most renowned compositions. Mona Lisa is one of the most expounded on and sung about artworks on the planet. Mona Lisa didnt have eyebrows or eyelashes. It is a painting that is broadly discussed today. It is one of the most well known artistic creations on the planet. Individuals take a gander at the Mona Lisa with astonishment in their eyes. The artistic creation is the spouse of a vendor named Giaconda. Individuals like the straightforwardness and pride of Leonardo Dad Vines painting. The grin in the work of art sakes you wonder what he had at the forefront of his thoughts and why the grin is so secretive. The Mona Lisa has made due for in excess of 500 years. Leonardo Dad Vinci has around fifteen works of art that endure. He was an astounding painting in the Renaissance Period. Leonardo Dad Vinci comprehended standards about machines and procedures that were not put to use until after Leonardo Dad Vinci kicked the bucket. An organization called The International Business Machine partnership assembled numerous models from Leonardo Dad Vines drawings. .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .postImageUrl , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:hover , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:visited , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:active { border:0!important; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:active , .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u34a ea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u34aea956028c909b99b86e4f5e2399ce:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Art History: The Movement II: People EssayHe utilized standards of geometry associated with his portrayals for a long time to help take a shot at plans for Saint Pewters Church and different structures in Rome. Leonardo Dad Vinci examined scenes, rock developments, and the development of water. He painted photos of these things. Here and there Leonardo Dad Vinci would compose his notes in reverse and read then with a mirror. Father Vinci prepared in life systems. He continued contemplating life structures and focused his designing on inquire about on power through pressure and air transportation. Leonardo Dad Vince ou tlined on eighteen sheets and had in excess of 200 and forty drawings and notes racing to in excess of thirteen thousand words. He utilized a mirror to peruse his words. He drew a great deal of photos of the human body. He likewise considered the life structures of creatures. Leonardo Dad Vinci accomplished such a great deal in his life that he changed the manner in which individuals took a gander at life its self. Father Vinci was a remarkable man. He thought of answers for things that individuals have attempted to fugue out to today. Numerous individuals see Leonardo as the most unique and competent man of the Renaissance. He managed numerous issues. Numerous individuals are keen on Leonardo Dad Vines note pad. He composed his notes in reverse with his left hand. Upwards of 7,000 pages from his scratch pad exist today. He attracted thoughts and developments his scratch pad and he composed every one of his notes in the regressive structure. Unfortunately he could really compose his notes and be capable the upward structure. He was a stunning individual to have the option to comprehend and process data such that numerous individuals would be confounded. He remarked on standards of life structures and the way of thinking of living. Specialists consider and decipher his works. Analysts dissect his artistic creations utilizing logical procedures. Leonardo is viewed as an all inclusive virtuoso. Five centuries have passed individuals despite everything view him with wonder today. He helped researchers and individuals with clinical and logical innovation that happens in the twentieth first century. His life and how he saw everything was momentous, if Dad Vinci was alive today there would likely be a lot more revelations in medication and life structures.

How the Brain Compensates for Alcohol Abuse Damage

How the Brain Compensates for Alcohol Abuse Damage Addiction Alcohol Use Print How the Brain Compensates for Alcohol Abuse Damage By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on July 20, 2019 Science Photo Library - PASIEKA/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Although much of the damage that chronic alcohol abuse does to the brain begins to reverse after the alcoholic stops drinking, some cognitive deficits continue even after long-term abstinence. One study has found that even some motor-skill deficits caused by long-term alcohol abuse also remain long after the alcoholic is abstinent. But, the unexpected news is there is evidence that the brain tries to compensate for that damage by using other regions of the brain to perform those tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), scientists were able to observe regions of the brain during a simple motor task and found that the brain appears to recruit other, unexpected regions to compensate for damage caused by alcohol abuse. Brain Regions Damage in Alcoholics We know from neuropathological studies that the two parts of the brain that are most often damaged in chronic alcoholics are the cerebellum and the frontal lobes, said Peter R. Martin, professor of psychiatry and pharmacology, director of the Vanderbilt Addiction Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and corresponding author for the study. Rapid self-paced motor activity such as finger tapping is a function of the motor cortex, the posterior part of the frontal lobe, which initiates a stimulus to the muscles of the hand, that is then coordinated by the interplay between the cerebellum and the frontal lobes. In other words, I reasoned that there would probably be abnormalities in activation of these regions in ?alcoholics during finger tapping. Examining Brain Activity Martin and colleagues observed two groups undergoing fMRI while performing repetitive, self-paced index finger-tapping exercises, alternating between their dominant and nondominant hands. The groups were eight (7 male, 1 female) alcohol-dependent patients after approximately two weeks of abstinence; and nine (7 females, 2 males) healthy volunteers or controls. Using More of the Brain As expected, the abstinent alcohol-dependent patients performed the finger-tapping tasks significantly slower than the controls. Contrary to expectations, the slower tapping was not accompanied by proportionately decreased fMRI brain activation in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum; rather, the alcoholics had a significant increase of activation in the cortical brain region ipsilateral to (on the same side as) the active hand during the dominate hand tapping. In other words, the researchers found, the alcoholics had to use more of their brains to do less. First, we found that alcoholics, generally speaking, tapped more inefficiently, said Martin. Second, in order to generate a single tap, an alcoholic would activate a larger part of their brain than a normal person. So, the results seem to indicate that even though alcoholics, as they recover from drinking, can probably demonstrate relatively normal tapping, they have to use more of their brain to generate the taps. This study underlines the importance of considering the operation of brain circuitry involved even in an ostensibly simple task, said Edith Sullivan, associate professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine. Further, evidence for recruitment of brain regions that are not normally involved in a given task puts a person at risk for performance inefficiency for that particular task, other tasks that need to be done simultaneously, and more complex divided-attention tasks, such as driving. Higher Brain Activity Increased activity in the ipsilateral cortical region of the brain was highly unexpected, said Martin. Normally, when I tap with my right hand, he said, its mostly my left motor cortex (part of the frontal lobes) thats firing, in conjunction with my right cerebellum. Ipsi means the same side, contra means the opposite side. So, were talking about my contralateral cortex and my ipsilateral cerebellum. The significantly higher activity we found in the alcoholics was in the ipsilateral cortex, the side that we dont normally expect to be activated. This finding is compatible with the idea that different regions of the brain are being called into an activity that would not normally be activated in order to meet the behavioral demands. Furthermore, this suggests that even though alcoholics at some level may seem to be performing normally if you raised the level of complexity at which they are being asked to perform, they may exhaust their capacitiesâ€"there may be no more brain to bring in, to recruit, to compensate. The Brain Gets Better at Compensating These findings lead to new questions, said Martin. If we study patients as they progress with their abstinence, do these abnormalities get better? It may be that the brain gets better at compensating, but it doesnt normalize, it just learns how to bring in, even more, parts of the brain. You could say it learns to rewire itself. Another possibility could be that as the brain heals, less activation is required, and thats a real form of recovery. The answers rest with understanding not the tapping itself, but the mechanisms behind the tapping.

The Religious Wars Of Religion - 1465 Words

Professori Mark Bocija Hist 1111 Rezvan Ngalla December 14, 2015 The Religious Wars Before and after the 16th century, religion was not a word or a characteristic that was used to describe any one individual. Rather, religion was like a way of life-incorporated into the individuals and also into family values, beliefs and morals. The church played an important role in the community by offering educational opportunities especially through the monarchies, the stability of religious presence etc. The wars of religion were basically a chain of events and happenings that caused religious wars to be waged in Europe. These wars started with the Protestant reformation- Martin Luther s attempt to change the ways of the Catholic church.†¦show more content†¦Let s take a look at where the wars of religion actually got it s activation energy from-The Reformation. In the beginning of the 16th century, the Catholic Church was in a period where immorality, incompetency and corruption were the order of the day. Martin Luther, a renaissance scholar and Augustinian monk pio neered a revolt on the issue of the sale of indulgencies. Luther did not agree with the fact that salvation could be won by the sale of indulgencies alone. The introduction of Luther s belief was a large introduction to the Catholic church and caused a religious upheaval. The church enforced the idea that indulgence was the gateway to salvation. On the other hand, Luther offered a perspective that was more personal and it appealed to a mass amount of people who were frustrated with the catholic doctrine and these people actually followed his philosophy, creating the path to individual thought with regards to religion. Luther s theses gave Christians the courage to confront the corruption of the church. The dispute of religious values led to violent conflicts between the Catholics and protestant believers. As afore mentioned in Luther s writings and 95 points against the catholic church, he objected to the abuses he perceived within the church. It is also important to note that Luthe r s theses was not welcomed by the

Walgreens Fiancial Analysis - 2167 Words

Walgreens Corporations Financial Analysis Introduction Walgreens operates 7,907 locations in 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and Puerto Rico with over 247,000 employees serving customers. The company has seen an increase in revenues, but an end to its contract to participate in the Express Scripts pharmacy provider network on December 31, 2011 poses a threat to revenues and profits for 2012 and future fiscal periods. This analysis will discuss Walgreen’s business strategy, provide a current financial analysis of the company, risks associated with the company, address prospective analysis of Walgreens and provide a decision on future investments in the company stock. Business Strategy Analysis A differentiation strategy†¦show more content†¦The negative outlook also acknowledges the sizable level of debt maturities that Alliance Boots which is the largest drugstore in United Kingdom faces and that its interest expense may rise as a result of any potential refinancing of these maturities. This negative outlook shows the risk that both combined Walgreen and Alliance Boots entities may not be able keep the companies leverage as much as the companies currently anticipated (Taylor, M. 2012). Walgreens 8-K currently filed by Gregory Wasson who is the President and CEO of Walgreens filed a Statement of Change in Benefits Ownership pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public and the Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 financial statements that would indicate that the financial statements may be of dubious value (Wasson, G. 2012). Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Under the Investor Relation of company’s 8-K filing, the Company agreed to furnish supple-mentally to the SEC a copy of any omitted schedule upon request (Wasson, G. 2012). The above responses were reported by Walgreens to the Securities Exchange Commission on August 18 2012: Explanation of Responses: †¢ This transaction was effected pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan adopted by the reporting person inShow MoreRelated Marketing Plan for a Cosmetics Company Essay6046 Words   |  25 Pages As the chart shows, the company follows a centralized structure Where all departments must respond directly to the CEO. Underneath the CEO there are 4 departments : production, RD, ? BUSNESS AND IND. NIKOLAS BUSINESS STRATEGY SWOT Analysis A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. In the following points I will try to figure out the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Strengths: After studding Cosmo in

Privacy of Electronic Medical Records Free Essays

A service related health care organization with staff to patient ration of 1:100 can be described as acutely understaffed. This is a scenario where nurses and doctors are allocated more patients than they can handle efficiently. It puts patients at a danger of getting worse medically or even dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy of Electronic Medical Records or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a situation where drug errors, diagnosis and other medical errors are likely to occur. Due to nurse attrition they may record wrong findings and measurements because of pressure to accomplish certain goals within limited time. In most cases understaffed organizations suffer lack of technological input where it is manifested by use of outdated methods of. In a case where a hospital is understaffed, communication among doctors and other staff in such a hospital is poor thus leading to problems that have a ripple effect nature in the running of the institution. Administrative functions are hampered because most of the duties have to be executed manually. The quality of health care is very poor because every patient is not given the proper personal attention that they require because other patients will be waiting for the physician that is attending to him or her. Lack of accuracy in writing medical records is commonplace for such an institution because writing the information manually can make someone feel worn out at some point and result in erratic writing. Another cause for errors is the fact that some of the prescriptions or diagnoses are done in illegible handwriting giving a hard time to those who are supposed to act on them. Patients’ mortality and morbidity rate is therefore high as a result. Due to the large number of patients that have to be attended to by one nurse, a problem of retrieval of medical information of the patients becomes a hectic task because files have to be searched manually. This puts patients who need urgent treatment at a risk because time may be lost in trying to allocate their personal information which normally has their medical history and forms the basis on which the physicians act. In addition to this the files may be dilapidated because of wear and tear making the information blurred and illegible, and some of the materials could also get misplaced and scattered all over. All these problems summed up, lead to poor co-ordination in the hospital as well as inefficiencies in the administration. Information technology is indispensable in any health organization because according to Jack Duncan it facilitates health care that is of high quality and is cost effective. Through Electronic Medical Records, Once a patient visits the hospital they give their personal information and on diagnosis of their ailment, findings are recorded against the information as well as other details like prescriptions and orders to other health institutions. This technology ensures accuracy, precision and completeness. It is the same development that enables the creation of reminders and alerts for practitioners to administer drugs to patients thereby saving lives. Electronic Medical records are advantageous in that with consent from patients, other health providers have access to their medical records. The advantage of having such a situation is that a patient is attended to in time since less time is used in finding out his or her medical history regardless of which health institution he or she has attended. Some patients call in hospital too sick to talk or are even subconscious but once some basic information is known about them like their identification, the physician goes right ahead with treatment without having to interview them. Electronic medical records are kept by health organizations for reference and must be kept securely. It is a statutory requirement under state and federal laws for every health organization to keep them protected from access by unauthorized people (Barrows, Randolph and Clayton, Paul. 1996). The security is for the protection of patients from victimization by employers because of certain health conditions or by their insurers. Disclosure of patients’ confidential information is capable of jeopardizing the integrity of the organization involved on account of defamation, medical malpractice and subjection of patients to emotional distress (Bennett, Bob. 1995). A health care organization therefore has the legal obligation to provide security for any confidential medical information. Physicians are also not allowed to have access to a patient’s medical record without their consent. Electronic technology enhances efficiency in the storage of medical records as well as accessibility. How to cite Privacy of Electronic Medical Records, Papers

Effective Employee Performance free essay sample

Abstract Effective employee performance management is important in order to maximize efficiency. In order to perform at the highest-level task support, feedback, knowledge and skills are important factors. If the performer has the knowledge and skills to complete a task it is important to specify what needs to be done and provide them with the necessary resources and procedures to keep the workflow. Performance management is very important when developing and building an organization. Its a way to weed out the performers who are not able to move forward. Moreover, by eing able to target performers who are able to go above and beyond; performance management will help guide the performer towards those goals by assessing what is tools and training is needed in order to achieve the organizational goals. Task Support Heathfield (2007) explains, performance management is the process of creating a work environment or setting in which people are enabled to perform to the best of their abilities (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Employee Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8). The concept of maximum performance outcome relies on the performer being able to easily identify with the procedures. There must be resources vailable, procedures in place, and a system that is easy to follow. Schanie and Kemper (2008) explain, creating strategic alignment requires that the mission, values, strategic plan and goals of the organization be communicated and ultimately converted into objectives at each organizational chart level, so every manager and individual contributor is clear regarding personal performance expectations (p. 9). By clearly identifying the organizational expectations performers are able to rise above their own level of thinking to a higher level of performance. It is hard to visualize higher expectations unless they are created and explained in a simplistic way. Task support is an important element when managing performance because it allows the performer to enter into a task performance cycle of planning, counseling, assessing and developing. The Performance manager is able to evaluate the performer while carrying out the tasks and then apply reinforcement or reward when necessary (Schanie and Kemper, 2008 p. 10). Knowledge and Skills Schanie and Kemper (2008) refer to the Total Performance Development System nd incumbent to establish performance objectives, determine mutual responsibilities for the achievement of these objectives, and anticipate resources and impediments that condition the achievement of the objectives (p. 10). Objectives and goals that are established through task management can only be accomplished if the performer is able to acquire the knowledge and perform the skills that are necessary. It is important to manage and evaluate the performer in order to supply the proper training to the performer. Task support is very important mentally and physically. In 2010, Luthans, Avey, Avolio, and Peterson explain that performance outcome is effected psychologically, the positive resources that make up an individuals psychological capital are conceptually proposed to fall in between pure states and trait like constructs (pp. 43-44). Completion of tasks relies strongly on the capacity of the performers ability to acquire knowledge and develop skills. It is up to the management to supply the task support however the performer must be able to have the ability to carrying out the tasks.